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仙居杨梅
06.20（Aggiornato il 08.06）
产品特点播报
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外在感官特征
The main varieties of Xianju bayberry are "Dongkui" and "Biqi variety." Among them, "Dongkui" has large, round, purple-red fruits with slightly pointed flesh columns, juicy and rich in flavor, sweet and sour to the taste; "Biqi variety" has medium-sized, round, purple-black fruits with blunt flesh columns, juicy and sweet. [1]
内在品质特征仙居杨梅可溶性固形物含量≥10.5%，可食率≥93.0%，总酸≤1%，总糖≥8%。 [1]
仙居杨梅
产地环境播报
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Soil Landform
Xianju Yangmei
Xianju County is located in the southeastern mountainous area of Zhejiang. The Xianxia Ridge extends to the bifurcation of Jinyun, stretching along the northern and southern borders of the county, forming a clamp-like confrontation. To the south is Kuocang Mountain, with its main peak, Mi Shailang, at an altitude of 1382.4 meters; to the north is Daleshan, with its main peak, Qingmeijian, at an altitude of 1314 meters. The county has 109 peaks with an altitude of over 1000 meters. Yong'an Creek flows from west to east, with a total length of 116 kilometers within the territory. The terrain slopes inward from the outside, slightly inclined to the east, with valleys and basins of varying sizes interspersed. The main types of soil in the area are yellow soil, red soil, rice paddy soil, and marsh soil. The hilly terrain at an altitude of around 200 meters is primarily composed of red sandy gravel rock, red sandstone, or calcareous purplish-red sandy slate, forming red sandy soil or red-purple sandy soil through weathering. The unique soil environment and the special mountainous basin topography are suitable for the growth of Yangmei. [1]
Climate Conditions
The climate of Xianju County is a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 18.3°C, an average temperature of 5.6°C in January, and an average temperature of 28.5°C in July. The frost-free period lasts about 240 days a year. Rainfall is abundant, with an average annual precipitation of about 2000 millimeters, showing a bimodal distribution, with the first peak being the plum rain and the second peak being the autumn rain. The spatial distribution of precipitation is uneven, with more in the south than in the north, and more in the east than in the west. [1]
水文条件
Xianju County has high wings in the north and south, with a low middle section. The Yong'an River runs through the center, with a total length of 116 kilometers within Xianju County and a drainage area of 1983.7 square kilometers. Major tributaries include Yu River, Zhu River Port, Bei'ao River, Twenty Dudu Pit, Thirteen Dudu Pit, Eighteen Dudu Pit, Nine Dudu Port, Six Dudu Pit, Four Dudu Pit, Yang'an Port, and Cangling Pit, among others. The runoff is abundant, with an average annual runoff of 2.145 billion cubic meters. [1]
历史渊源播报
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The cultivation of waxberries in Xianju County has a history of more than 1,000 years. [3]
1984, Shen Qingshan, with the help of classmate Lin Xianling, introduced more than 100 East Kwei Yangmei plants, and initiated trial planting among farmers in Qiaoting Village, Hengxi Town, and Zhao'ao Village, Nanfeng Street.
In 1986, Xianju County introduced water chestnut varieties of waxberry, which were planted in Xilu Village of Bulu Township and Shijing Village of Guanlu Town.
In 1987, experts from the China Rice Research Institute came to Xianju to give lectures, promoting the application of paclobutrazol in the dry seedling cultivation of rice. After consulting with the experts, Shen Qingshan requested 1 kilogram of paclobutrazol and conducted experiments on citrus, bayberry, and peaches according to the usage method for rice.
In April 1988, Shen Qingshan was invited by the village cadres of Yushan Village in Baita Town to conduct formal experiments again in Yushan Village. Shen Qingshan conducted experiments on the concentration and duration of the medication, spending a total of 5 years on experiments and research. He ultimately summarized a relatively complete set of cultivation techniques for bayberries, which advanced the production period of young bayberries by 2 to 3 years, overcame the phenomenon of alternate bearing in bayberries, and increased the yield of bayberries by more than double, with a significant improvement in quality. At the same time, large-scale experiments and research on fast-growing, high-quality, and high-yield bayberry cultivation were carried out in Xilu Village, Buluxiang, rapidly expanding the bayberry planting area in the village, making it a "Fairy Bayberry" village with an annual production of over 1,000 tons of bayberries.
In the early 1990s, Xianju bayberry was not accepted by the market.
On June 12, 1993, the first Yangmei Festival was held in Xilu Village. After the event was reported by the media, the previously overlooked Yangmei became a sought-after commodity, with prices rising from around 1 yuan per pound to 3 to 4 yuan, leading to a supply shortage. The highest income for fruit farmers in Xilu Village reached over 5,000 yuan. In June 1994, Xilu Village held the Yangmei Festival again based on last year's experience to promote and expand the popularity of Yangmei. [4]
仙居杨梅
生产情况播报
In 2019, Xianju County had a planting area of 92 square kilometers for Xianju bayberries, with an annual output of 90,000 tons and a protected area of 1,992 square kilometers. [1]
仙居杨梅
产品荣誉播报
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1999, Xianju Yangmei won the brand product award at the China International Agricultural Expo.
2001, the "Xianlv" brand Xianju bayberry was awarded the title of famous product at the China Agricultural Expo and the gold medal at the Zhejiang International Agricultural Expo.
2002, Xianju Yangmei passed the A-level certification for green food and was authorized to use the green food logo.
2003, Xianju Yangmei was rated as one of the top ten fine Yangmei in Zhejiang Province.
On April 30, 2020, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved the implementation of geographical indication registration protection for "Xianju Bayberry". [2]
October 2022, selected for the 2022 Agricultural Brand Boutique Cultivation Program. [5]
In October 2022, selected as the second batch of demonstration cultural and tourism IPs in Zhejiang Province. [6] In November 2023, the composite planting and breeding system of the ancient Yangmei group in Xianju, Zhejiang passed expert review and was officially recognized.
FAORecognized as a globally important agricultural cultural heritage. [7]
仙居杨梅
地理标志播报
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The geographical protection range of Xianju Yangmei geographical indication is: the geographical coordinates are between 120°44′ to 121°21′ east longitude and 28°51′ to 29°11′ north latitude. The production area includes: 20 towns (streets) and 418 administrative villages in Fuying Street, Nanfeng Street, Anzhou Street, Anling Township, Xigang Township, Qiaoshan Township, Hengxi Town, Butou Town, Potan Township, Danzhu Township, Baita Town, Tianshi Town, Guanlu Town, Shangzhang Township, Bulu Township, Guangdu Township, Xiage Town, Dazhan Township, Shuangmiao Township, and Zhuxi Town in Xianju County, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province. [1]
仙居杨梅
Quality Technical Requirements
Specific production methods
1.1 Site Selection
Choose slopes below 25°, altitudes below 650 meters, loose soil, good drainage, pH values of 4-6, and sandy red or yellow loam hillsides or hilly areas containing gravel to establish gardens. Build terraced fields or fish scale pits before planting.
1.2 Variety Range
Dongkui, water chestnut variety.
1.3 Production Control
The Yangmei from Xianju must undergo full-process control in aspects such as seedling quality, cultivation techniques, harvesting grading, and storage preservation, according to specific production and technical requirements.
1.3.1 Seedling Quality
苗木以一年生嫁接苗干粗、苗木高度及规定高度内的分枝数作依据，分为一级、二级。低于二级标准的苗木不得作为商品苗出圃。详见下表。表1苗木分级级别 干粗（厘米） 苗高（厘米） 在规定高度内分枝数（个） 根系 检疫性病虫害一级≥0.60≥40≥3发达无二级≥0.50≥30≥2较发达。
1.3.2 Cultivation Techniques
1.3.2.1 Transplantation
Spring planting and autumn planting. Spring planting is from late February to mid-March, while autumn planting is from early October to early November, with spring planting being preferable. The planting density depends on the site conditions and management level of the garden area, with 375 to 450 plants per hectare.
1.3.2.2 Shaping and Pruning
Usually adopts a naturally open round head shape. Pruning is based on the principles of solving ventilation and light transmission, and adjusting the balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree. Pruning methods such as bud removal, tip pruning, branch pulling, short cutting, retrenching, and branch thinning are used to ensure that the branch tips are moderately sparse and dense, distributed in an orderly manner, forming a good crown structure for stable and high yield. After the seedlings are topped, when new shoots emerge, 3 to 4 new shoots with strong growth vigor and evenly distributed orientation are selected as main branches, while the remaining branches are removed early. In the second year, immature autumn shoots are pruned from the extension branches of the main branches, and the first lateral main branch is selected about 60 centimeters from the trunk. In the third year, the second lateral main branch is selected on the main branch; the first and second lateral main branches are spaced about 50 centimeters apart. Based on the reasonable matching of the main branches and lateral main branches, side branches are cultivated, creating an open crown shape within 5 to 6 years.
1.3.2.3 Fruit and Flower Management
For young fruit trees with low fruit set, measures to promote flowering and control shoot growth should be taken during the summer and autumn shoot growth period from late July to early September to improve the fruit set rate. For multi-flower trees, moderate pruning should be carried out before bud break in spring, removing overly dense and weak flowering branches to encourage the growth of spring shoots and ensure an appropriate amount of fruit set; thinning of fruit should be done after the physiological fruit drop period and before the rapid fruit expansion period, generally divided into 2-3 times.
1.3.2.4 Fertilizer and Water Management
Before the high temperature and drought from July to September, ground cover should be applied. Deep plowing should be carried out every 3 to 4 years in autumn and winter to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Fertilization should be done 1 to 2 times a year, mainly applying base fertilizer in winter, with 25 kilograms of charred mud ash per plant, or 2 kilograms of cake fertilizer plus 10 kilograms of charred mud ash or 0.5 to 1.0 kilograms of potassium sulfate.
1.3.2.5 Pest and Disease Control
According to the principle of "prevention first, comprehensive control," timely removal of diseased and pest-infested branches and fallen leaves is necessary to reduce sources of pests and diseases; strengthen cultivation management, promote robust tree growth, and enhance the tree's disease resistance. Protect and utilize natural enemies, leverage biological control, use beneficial organisms to eliminate harmful ones, and expand the application of pest control through insects and fungi to maintain ecological balance in nature. Based on the actual occurrence of pests and diseases, adopt localized measures, using agricultural control as the foundation, and reasonably apply chemical, biological, and physical control methods to manage pests and diseases. Strengthen pest and disease forecasting and reporting to ensure timely and accurate control.
1.3.3 Harvesting
Graded, staged, and batch harvesting. Use shallow fruit baskets that can hold 3 to 5 kilograms, and place sponges at the bottom and around the sides of the baskets. The harvesting time should be in the early morning or evening.
1.3.4 Storage and Preservation
1.3.4.1 Cold Storage Room
The requirements should be established in the production area of bayberries to reduce damage caused by transportation before storage, and there should be supporting purchasing sites. The temperature control range is 1℃ to 5℃, with a fluctuation of ±1℃; the humidity control range is relative humidity of 85% to 90%; with a fluctuation of ±3%. The cold storage should be equipped with a humidifier, ozone generator, and ventilation windows. If conditions permit, an ice-making room and standby units should be equipped, and the temperature of the ice-making room should be controlled below -10℃.
1.3.4.2 Warehouse Preparation
The storage room should be cleaned thoroughly, tools should be washed and dried, and disinfected with ozone for 2 hours. The doors should be opened for ventilation 24 hours before storage, and the equipment should be debugged to ensure normal operation. Equip professional cold storage operators or establish a rapid maintenance network.
1.3.4.3 Storage
The tools should be breathable, and the walls should be smooth. Good ventilation plastic baskets or frames can be used for storage, with each basket (frame) having a capacity of no more than 10 kilograms. A frame height of about 15 centimeters is appropriate. Small packages of (2-3) kilograms can first be placed in a plastic basket (frame) with a (0.04-0.06) mm PE fresh-keeping bag, and after putting the bayberries into the fresh-keeping bag, they can be stored in the pre-cooling room. After leaving the warehouse, they can be directly placed in foam boxes for transportation after vacuuming.
1.3.4.4 Pre-cooling
The harvested bayberries are sent to the pre-cooling warehouse for pre-cooling, with a pre-cooling temperature of 3℃ to 7℃ and a pre-cooling time of 3 hours to 6 hours. Only bayberries that have undergone pre-cooling can be stored in the warehouse.
1.3.4.5 Storage
使用臭氧进行杀菌。储存温度控制在1℃～5℃，空气相对湿度控制在85%～90%。每次入库的果品以总储存量的20%～25%为宜，待库温稳定后再进行下一批的入库。果实应注明入库时间及等级，便于观察与出库。 [1]
The use of the special logo is in accordance with the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs regarding the use of geographical indications for agricultural products. The following regulations are made for the use of the Xianju Yangmei geographical indication: Any Xianju Yangmei produced and operated within the scope of the logo, and bases (households) that are planted according to the production control technical specifications of Xianju Yangmei, must apply to the holder of the registration certificate to use the obtained Xianju Yangmei geographical indication on products and packaging. They must sign relevant contracts and standardize the production and use of the logo according to relevant requirements, uniformly adopting a labeling method that combines the product name with the public logo of the agricultural product geographical indication. The agricultural administrative departments of the people's government at or above the county level are responsible for supervising and managing the Xianju Yangmei geographical indication, regularly supervising and inspecting the geographical scope and logo usage of registered geographical indication agricultural products. Units and individuals are encouraged to conduct social supervision of agricultural product geographical indications. Producers and operators using this geographical indication are responsible for the quality and reputation of geographical indication agricultural products. Those who violate these regulations will be dealt with by the agricultural administrative departments of the people's government at or above the county level in accordance with the "
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