Lesi sithombe sifana nesikhunta se-Cladosporium, ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yenkinga yesibonakhulu, asikwazanga ukuthatha izithombe ezicacile, asikwazanga ukukhomba ngokunembile, kungenzeka ukuthi i-parasite yesibili, hhayi i-pathogen eyinhloko ebangela ukubola kwesifo.

Izithombe ezilandelayo zivela kumasikhunta ahlobene angezona ezase-arbutus, zokubhekisela.

I-Trichoderma viride Umthombo wesithombe: Isizinda Esisemthethweni Sokuvikela Izitshalo se-CABI, Isikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sezebhayoloji Nezolimo

Kubonakala ungqimba lwesikhunta esimpunga esimhlophe ebusweni besithelo, kubangele ukubola kwenyama yesithelo, kubangele ukucwila kobuso besithelo, ngemva kokutheleleka isithelo se-arbutus asinakudliwa. Uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi, indawo enesifo izokhula ngokushesha, futhi phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kungabangela inani elikhulu lezithelo ze-arbutus ukubola nokuwa phansi.

Izimpawu zokuqala

Ungqimba olumpunga nomhlophe

Ukuwa kwezithelo okuningi

Lesi sifo sihlasela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angu-25-30 degrees, uma kuna imvula eqhubekayo. Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu yisikhathi sokuvuthwa nokuvunwa kwezithelo ze-yumberry. Lesi sikhathi siwumkathi wasehlobo, lapho kushisa khona, kuna imvula eningi, futhi umswakamo uphezulu, okudala indawo ekahle yokungena kwamagciwane. Ngokuvamile, uma imvula iningi futhi izithelo ze-yumberry zivuthwa kakhulu, isifo sokubola okumhlophe sihlasela kalula. Ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezimbi zemvula eqhubekayo, uma umoya ongeni kahle esivandeni, amahlamvu namagatsha e-yumberry amanzi, kuba lula ukuthi amagciwane ande kakhulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma izithelo sezivuthiwe, i-asidi iyancipha, amandla okumelana nezifo ayancipha, futhi izithelo zingangenwa kalula amagciwane.

Ukulawula kwezolimo

1, Ukuhlanza insimu

Amagciwane esifo sokubola okumhlophe anamandla okuphila, angaphila futhi adlule ubusika emagatsheni omile, emahlamvini awile, ezithelweni ezibolile, nasemhlabathini, futhi abe ngumthombo wokutheleleka ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza insimu ngemva kokuthena ebusika kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lokuqala lamagciwane, futhi kunciphise umthwalo wokulawula ngonyaka olandelayo. Ukubaluleka kokuhlanza insimu kufanele kunakwe, ngoba lona umsebenzi osebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ofanele ukwenziwa ekuvimbeleni izifo. Uma insimu ihlanzwe kahle, kunganciphisa ngaphezu kuka-90% amagciwane okuqala, futhi kube nomphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Kuhlanziwe kanjani insimu? Ngemva kokuvuna izithelo nokuthena, kanye nangemva kokuthena ebusika, kufanele ngokushesha kukhishwe amagatsha agulayo asikiwe esivandeni futhi ashiswe. Ngemva kokuqeda ukuthena ebusika, insimu yonke kufanele ifafazwe ngemithi yokuhlanza njenge-lime sulfur ne-amobam, ukuze kubulawe izinambuzane nezifo.

2, Ukuthena

Ukunciphisa isihlahla sibe ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-3, ukuthena ngokucacile, ukugwema ukuminyana nokukhula ngokweqile, kunganciphisa izinga lokugula.

3, Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo

Izihlahla ezithelayo ezindala kufanele zigweme ukusebenzisa umanyolo omningi we-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, ngoba zingakhula ngokweqile futhi zivalane, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwe-Dongkui. Kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe umanyolo wemvelo njengoba kuyisisekelo, kuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kwe-potassium sulfate kanye nomanyolo we-microelement. Izihlahla ezibuthakathaka kufanele zisetshenziswe ngomanyolo ohlanganisiwe olinganiselayo.

4, Ukulawula ngamakhemikhali

Isifo sokubola okumhlophe sibangelwa ukuhlasela kwezinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane. Ngesikhathi izithelo zivuthwa, uma kuna imvula eningi futhi kushisa, isifo sihlasela kakhulu njalo ngonyaka. Imithi evamile ingase ingasebenzi kahle kweminye iminyaka. Ikakhulukazi imithi evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-difenoconazole, imazalil, tebuconazole, ne-pyraclostrobin, uma isetshenziswa minyaka yonke futhi umthamo ukhuliswa, seyithole ukumelana namagciwane ngezinga elithile, futhi umphumela awusagculisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo enesakhiwo esifanayo evela ezinkampanini ezahlukene ingase ibe nemiphumela ehlukile, okwenza abalimi bengakwazi ukukhetha umuthi ofanele wokulawula isifo.

Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukukhetha izakhi ezintsha, ezinokumelana okuphansi, ezidinga umthamo omncane, ezinomphumela omuhle, eziluhlaza futhi ziphephile, futhi ezisebenza kahle. Isibonelo, izakhi ezifana ne-mefentrifluconazole, i-fluxapyroxad, i-pydiflumetofen, ne-fluopyram, yizona zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni isifo sokubola okumhlophe emikhiweni ye-yumberry njengamanje, futhi zingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha.