Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo phakathi kwamabhizinisi kule nkathi yesimanje akuseyona indaba yokuthola umhlinzeki, ngoba ukusesha okusheshayo kunoma iyiphi inkundla kuveza izinkulungwane zezinketho ezivela kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-Asia. Ubunzima bangempela busekuhlungeni umsindo, amakhathalogi akopishwe ngokuphindaphindiwe, kanye nabadayisi abamane badlulisele isicelo sakho komunye bese bengeza inzuzo yabo ngokuthula. Abathengi abagcina ngokucela ikhotheshini yokuqala bavame ukuthola izinkinga ezivela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva njengezimpahla ezinesici, izindleko ezibuyiselwa kubo, namathuba okulengisa ezitolo abaphuthelwe. Yingakho amaqembu aqotho okuthengwa kwempahla akha indlela ephindaphindekayo kunokumane abe nohlu lwabantu angabathinta, futhi elindele ukuthi isixhumanisi ngasinye ochungechungeni sidlule izimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokuthobela imithetho. Inhloso yalo mhlahlandlela ukukukhombisa ukuthi ungadlula kanjani kuleso sigaba futhi uphathe ukuthengwa kwempahla njengenqubo elawulwayo, elinganisekayo. Isigaba ngasinye esingezansi senzelwe ukukunikeza amagama, izindlela zokusebenza, nemibuzo ongayisebenzisa engxoxweni yakho elandelayo nomhlinzeki, kusukela ku-Ikhaya ikhasi lozakwethu ongase abe khona.

Inothi elifushane lokufundisa ngolimi lizosiza ukuchaza umqondo oyisisekelo salesi sihloko. Kuhlelo lolimi lwesiNgisi, isenzo esithi go enkathini edlule elula siba ngu-“went”, enkathini edlule ephelele sithi “had gone”, kanti ukuphika okuthi not go enkathini edlule elula kuba ngu-“did not go”. Zontathu lezi zindlela zichaza izikhathi esezadlula futhi ezingeke ziphinde zishintshwe. Ukuthola imikhiqizo yokuthenga nokuyingenisa emakethe kusebenza ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba i-oda lesivivinyo eladumaza ngonyaka odlule akufanele likuvimbe ukuba uphinde uxhumane nomlingani ongcono kulo nyaka. Akufanele uthathe kalula imicabango osunayo ngezwe, ngedolobha noma ngezinga lentengo, ngaphandle kokuyivivinya ngobufakazi. Kunalokho, thatha okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambili njengedatha bese uqhubekela phambili ngenhloso, ngoba lolo shintsho oluncane endleleni yokucabanga luhlukanisa abathengi abavele baphinde umlando nalabo abawudlulayo.

I-Taizhou Chengke Trading Co., Ltd. (台州程柯贸易有限公司) inguzakwethu wokuthekelisa ozinze eShayina, oxhumanisa abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe nabakhiqizi abafanelekile kanye nabalimi abagxile eTaizhou nakuso sonke isifunda saseZhejiang. Le nkampani isebenza njengengxenye yomnyango wakho wokuthenga, iphatha ukuthola abahlinzeki, ukuhlela amasampula, ukuqhathanisa amanani kanye nokwengamela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla endaweni eyodwa. Ngenxa yokuthi ithimba layo lisebenza khona lapho, lingavakashela amafekthri namapulazi mathupha, kunokuba lithembele ezithombeni ezicwebezelisiwe nasezitifiketini ezizibikela zona. Abathengi ngokuvamile baqala ngokubuyekeza iphrofayela yenkampani ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, elichaza ukwakheka kwalo, ububanzi bezinsizakalo, kanye nezibopho elizibekile. Kusukela lapho, ithimba liqhathanisa imininingwane yakho nohlu olufushane lwabakhiqizi abahloliwe bese likubuyisela iqoqo lezingcaphuno zamanani eziqhathaniseka ngempela. Le ndlela ikusiza ukuba udlule ekuqhathaniseni amanani kuphela futhi uqonde izindleko eziphelele zokuletha umkhiqizo endaweni oya kuyo ngenketho ngayinye.

Izinsizakalo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa wonke umjikelezo woku-oda, hhayi ukuthengiselana okukodwa kuphela. Ochwepheshe bakwaChengke baphatha ukutholwa kwemikhiqizo nocwaningo lwemakethe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasampula, kanye nokwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwama-prototype ngokuphindaphindiwe kumaphrojekthi emikhiqizo enophawu lwakho. Baxhumanisa ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yizinhlangano zangaphandle nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kwangaphakathi, bahlanganise izimpahla ezivela kubahlinzeki abaningana zibe yikhontena elilodwa, futhi balungiselele imibhalo yezohwebo neyokuthumela ezodingwa yibhange lakho noma umenzeli wakho wezamasiko. Abasebenzi bokweseka bayaqhubeka nokutholakala ngemva kokulethwa ukuze baxazulule izicelo zewaranti, izicelo zezingxenye ezisele, noma imininingwane yoku-oda kabusha. Kubathengi abafuna ukuqonda okujulile kwezobuchwepheshe, ithimba labelana ngesiqondiso esisebenzayo esifana nokuqukethwe okushicilelwe ku-Umhlahlandlela Wochwepheshe ikhasi. Isithembiso sonke silula: akufanele uqhubeke ne-oda elilodwa ungazi kahle ukuthi likhiqizwe ngubani, lihlolwe kanjani nokuthi lizofika nini.

Inkampani yokuhweba ephethwe kahle ithwala ubunkimbinkimbi obebungadla izinsiza zakho zangaphakathi. Igcina ubudlelwano bokusebenza namafektri amaningi, okuyinikeza amandla okuxoxisana lapho indawo yokukhiqiza iyindlala, kudingeka kuphinde kusikwe isikhunta, noma isikhathi sokuvuna sifika sekwephuzile. Iphinde inciphise izinkinga ezibangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezimali, izilimi namehluko wezindawo zesikhathi, ngoba kukhona umuntu ovukile ngesikhathi somsebenzi somphakeli ukuze aphendule ezinkingeni njengoba zivela. Esikhundleni sokuthatha indawo yokwahlulela kwakho, uzakwethu omuhle uyakuthuthukisa ngokwethula izinketho eziqinisekisiwe nezincazelo zangempela zezindleko. Ukuhlanganisa imithwalo nakho kuyinzuzo engabonakali kalula, ngoba ama-oda ahlanganisiwe avela kubaphakeli abahlanu angathunyelwa esuka ethekwini elilodwa esebenzisa idokhumenti eyodwa yokuthwala impahla. Abathengi abadlula umcabango wokuthi abalamuli bandisa izindleko kuphela bavame ukuthola ukuthi umhwebi onekhono unciphisa ubungozi obuphelele. Lowo umehluko phakathi kokukhokhela umlamuli nokutshala imali kumlingani oqinisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka.

Isifundazwe saseZhejiang singesinye sezifunda zaseShayina lapho ukukhiqiza nezolimo kugxile khona kakhulu, kanti iTaizhou iphakathi kwamaqoqo amaningana emikhakha ekhethekile. Le ndawo yaziwa ngemikhiqizo yepulasitiki eyenziwa ngokubumba ngomjovo, ama-mold anembayo, amaphampu, amavalvu, izinsimbi zokusebenza, kanye nezingxenye zezimoto, konke kusekelwa inethiwekhi eminyene yezindawo zokusebenzela ezakha amathuluzi nabahlinzeki bemishini. Ngaphandle kwezimboni, lesi sifunda sinesisekelo esiqinile sokulima izitshalo zasengadini, esikhiqiza imbewu, izithombo, Izihlahla zezithelo, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, kanye nezinsiza zasengadini. Ukusondela eqoqweni lamachweba laseNingbo-Zhoushan kusho amabanga amafushane okuhambisa impahla ngamaloli ukusuka maphakathi nezwe, izikhathi ezisheshayo zokungena esangweni, kanye nezinketho eziningi zokuthutha ngemikhumbi kunalezo ezingatholwa ezindaweni ezingenalo ulwandle. Abathengi baphinde bazuze ezinhlelweni zendawo ezithuthukile zokupakisha, ukuphrinta, kanye namalabhorethri okuhlola. Lezi zinzuzo zikuvumela ukuba udlule ekuqageleni ngezikhathi zokulethwa futhi wakhe uhlelo lwezikhathi ongahlela ngempela ukumaketha kwakho ngokuluzungezile.

I-Taizhou Chengke Trading ihlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningana zemikhiqizo, futhi ukuziqonda kukusiza ukuba ucacise izidingo zakho ngokunembile. Imikhiqizo yezolimo zezitshalo zasengadini ihlanganisa imbewu, okubukhoma Izimbali / Izitshalo, ezintsha nezicutshunguliwe Izithelo/Imifino, kanye nezisebenzayo Izinto Zokulima Engadininjengamathuluzi, amabhodwe, izinto zokutshala, nezixhumi zokunisela. Izigaba zezimboni nezabathengi zihlanganisa izimpahla zasendlini zepulasitiki, izinto zehadiwe, nezingxenye ezithola izimpahla endaweni efanayo. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso yikho okwenza umlingani wezohwebo ayithethelele imali ayikhokhisayo, ngoba angahlela ukupakishwa okuklanyelwe ikhasimende, amalebula ngezilimi eziningi, amabhakhodi, ukufakwa komkhiqizo welebula langasese, nokuhlunga ngosayizi noma ngebanga lekhwalithi. Ezimpahleni zezolimo, abathengi bangacela amazinga athile okuhluma, amazinga omswakama, noma ukuhlanzeka kwezinhlobonhlobo, okuqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri. Akufanele wamukele isilinganiso senani ungakaqinisekisi ukuthi yiziphi kulezi zinketho ezifakiwe nokuthi yiziphi ezibiza imali eyengeziwe.

Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ekutholeni izimpahla emithonjeni engaphandle kwemingcele yamazwe kufanele kube yingxenye yenqubo kusukela ekuqaleni, kungabi yinto engezwa ekugcineni. Uzakwethu oqeqeshiwe uzovumelana nawe ngenqubo yokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukukhiqizwa, ngokuvamile esekelwe ezindinganisweni zesampula ze-AQL, ezichaza ngokucacile amaphutha abucayi, amakhulu namancane. Ukuhlola kuvame ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezintathu zokuhlola: ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, ngaphambi kokupakisha nangaphambi kokulayisha esitsheni sezimpahla. Ezimpahleni ezilawulwayo, izitifiketi ezifanele zingabandakanya i-ISO 9001, i-CE, i-RoHS, i-REACH noma, uma kuyizinto zezitshalo, izitifiketi ze-phytosanitary kanye namarekhodi okufuthwa akhishwa yisiphathimandla sezwe elithumela izimpahla kwamanye amazwe. Imithwalo yembewu ivame ukudinga ukuhlolwa kokuhluma nokuhlanzeka, kanye nemibhalo eqinisekisa izinhlobo zembewu. Imibhalo kufanele ihlale iqinisekiswa esikhungweni esiyikhiphile, kunokuba yamukelwe nje njengefayela le-PDF elinamathiselwe. Yilokho kanye kuqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi badlula esigabeni sokuthi “ngithembe” bese befika ekuzethembeni okusekelwe ebufakazini.

Intengo iwumphumela wezinto eziningi ezifihlekile, futhi ukuziqonda kukunika amandla angempela okuxoxisana. Izindleko zeyunithi zithonywa yimpahla eluhlaza, inani oli-odayayo, ubunkimbinkimbi bokupakisha, ukusabalalisa izindleko zamathuluzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nenkathi othenga ngayo. Inani eliphansi lama-oda elidingekayo alivamile ukuba ngumkhawulo ongenakuguqulwa; ngokuvamile liyisifiso sebhizinisi esingathanjiswa ngokuhlanganisa i-oda lakho nomjikelezo wokukhiqiza womunye umthengi. Buza ukuthi isicaphuno senani sisebenzisa imigomo ye-FOB, CIF noma EXW, ngoba umehluko ungafinyelela kumaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili uma sekufakwe izindleko zokuthutha nezomshwalense. Ngezinye izikhathi izimali zamasampula nezamathuluzi ziyabuyiselwa uma kwenziwa i-oda lokuqala lenqwaba, ngakho hlala ubuza. Izikhathi intengo esebenza ngazo zibalulekile ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo, futhi umphakeli ongakwazi ukusho isikhathi sayo akakhulumi ngokwethembeka. Uma usudlula enanini elikhulu elishiwo ekuqaleni, uqala ukuxoxisana ngenani eliphelele olitholayo esikhundleni senombolo eyodwa nje.

Ukukhetha indlela yokuthutha efanele kuncike enanini lezimpahla ngokuqhathaniswa nomthamo ezithathayo, ekuphuthumeni kwazo, nasekutheni ziyabola yini. Ukuthumela impahla egcwalisa isitsha sonke yikho okushibhe kakhulu nge-cubic metre ngayinye uma kuyimpahla enkulu, kanti ukuthumela impahla engasigcwalisi isitsha kuvumela abathengi abancane ukuba bahlole imakethe ngaphandle kokuzibophezela ekuthumeleni isitsha esigcwele. Ukuthutha ngomoya kulungele izimpahla zenani eliphezulu noma ezidingeka ngokushesha, kanti izinkampani ezithumela izimpahla ngokushesha zithutha amasampula, izingxenye ezishintshwayo nama-oda aphuthumayo aphindwayo. Izitshalo eziphilayo nemikhiqizo emisha kudinga izindawo ezinomoya owanele noma ezilawulwa izinga lokushisa, kanye nokuba nokulindela okungokoqobo mayelana nesikhathi sokuthutha. Ama-Incoterms achaza ngokunembile ukuthi umthwalo wakho uqala kuphi: i-EXW ikushiyela yonke into, i-FOB idlulisela ingozi lapho impahla yeqa ujantshi womkhumbi, i-CIF ihlanganisa izindleko zokuthutha nomshwalense, kanti i-DDP ibeka wonke umthwalo kumthengisi. Ukuqonda le migomo kuvimbela izingxabano zingakaqali, futhi kukusiza ukuba udlule emishweni engacacile efana nokuthi “sizokusingatha ukuthunyelwa.”

Ukugunyazwa kwempahla ngamasiko kuvame ukubambezeleka kakhulu ngenxa yamaphepha, hhayi ngenxa yezinkinga eziphathekayo ngempahla ethuthwayo. Isethi ephelele yamadokhumenti ivame ukufaka i-invoyisi yezohwebo, uhlu lokupakisha, ibhili yokuthwala impahla noma ibhili yokuthutha ngendiza, isitifiketi semvelaphi, kanye nanoma yiziphi izimvume eziqondene nomkhiqizo, njengezitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwempilo yezitshalo noma zokufuthwa. Amakhodi e-HS afanele anquma amanani entela, ngakho ukuhlukanisa umkhiqizo ngokungeyikho kungaholela ezijezisweni noma ezindlekweni zokuwugcina ezingalindelekile lapho ufika khona. Izindlela zokukhokha zisukela ekukhokheni idiphozithi elula engamaphesenti angamashumi amathathu bese kukhokhwa amaphesenti angamashumi ayisikhombisa uma kwethulwa ibhili yokuthwala impahla, kuye ezinhlamvini zesikweletu, ekuqoqweni kwemali ngamaphepha, nasekuvikelweni yipulatifomu yohlobo lwe-escrow. Ungalawula ubungozi bokushintshashintsha kwemali ngokusebenzisa izinkontileka zokushintshanisa imali zesikhathi esizayo uma umthamo wakho webhizinisi ukwenza lokho kube nenjongo. Ubungozi buphinde bancishiswe ngokuqinisekisa impahla ethuthwayo, ngokuqinisekisa ilayisensi yebhizinisi yomthumeli-mpahla kwamanye amazwe, nangokugcina amarekhodi abhaliwe ayo yonke imininingwane okuvunyelwene ngayo. Abathengi abangagcini ngezithembiso zomlomo kuphela bavikela kokubili ukuhamba kwemali yabo nesithunzi sabo.

Ukwehluleka ekutholeni abahlinzeki kuvame ukubangelwa amaphutha ambalwa abengagwenywa. Izincazelo ezingacacile zivumela ukuhumusha okuhlukahlukene, ngakho imidwebo, imikhawulo yokubekezelela kanye nezinkomba zemibala kufanele kubhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhiqiza. Ukweqa ukuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kongela amakhulu ambalwa amadola, kodwa kubeka engcupheni yokuthola isitsha esigcwele impahla engathengiseki. Ukuncika kumhlinzeki oyedwa kubonakala kuyindlela ephumelelayo kuze kube yilapho kusha ifektri noma isivuno esibi siphazamisa uchungechunge lwakho lokuphakela. Izitifiketi ezingaqinisekisiwe kanye nama-oda okushintsha angabhalwanga kudala izingxabano ezibizayo ezingasizi muntu. Ukungaxhumani njalo nangendlela ehlelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho kunezindawo zesikhathi ezihlukene, kuvumela ukungaqondani okuncane ukuba kuguquke kube yimibono engagudluki. Isixazululo asikhangi kodwa siyasebenza: bhala yonke into phansi, qinisekisa izimangalo ngokuzimela, futhi uhlukanise abahlinzeki. Uma uyeka ukuthatha izinqamuleli futhi wakha ezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa uma kudingeka, umsebenzi wakho wokuthola abahlinzeki uba namandla okumelana nezingqinamba ngempela.

Ukuhlola okuhlelekile kususa imizwa ekukhetheni umhlinzeki futhi kwenza ukuqhathanisa kube nobulungisa. Qala ngokuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa okusemthethweni, iminyaka yokusebenza, nokuthi ibhizinisi lingumhwebi wangempela yini, lingummeli, noma lingumkhiqizi wangempela. Cela izinkomba ezivela kubathengi abasemakethe yakini, bese uhlola ukuthi uzakwethu uyabamba yini iqhaza emibukisweni yezohwebo noma ezincwadini zomkhakha ezifana nenkampani Izindabaikhasi. Cela amasampula ngokwezidingo ezibhaliwe bese uwahlola usebenzisa ithebula elilula lokunikeza amaphuzu. Qinisekisa izinombolo zezitifiketi ezinhlanganweni ezizikhiphile, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi abalawula ikhwalithi abazimele emsebenzini wokukhiqiza. Hlola ukuthi baphendula ngokushesha kangakanani, ukuthi izingcaphuno zamanani zicace kangakanani, nokuthi bazimisele yini ukuphendula imibuzo enzima. Uma kukhona kulawo mabhokisi angamakiwe, akufanele waneliswe yisiqinisekiso esilula, ngoba umphakeli oshibhe kunabo bonke akavamile ukuba nguye obiza kancane kunabo bonke. Usizo oluqhubekayo ngemibuzo yangemva kokuthenga luvame ukuhlinzekwa ...Ukwesekwa isiteshi sozakwethu othembekile.

Ukuthola imikhiqizo kubahlinzeki ngendlela efanele kuwumsebenzi odinga inqubo ehlelekile, hhayi ukuthola ngenhlanhla, futhi uhlaka olungenhla luyasebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthenga izingxenye zezimboni noma izitshalo eziphilayo. Chaza izidingo zakho, hlola ngokucophelela uzakwethu, qinisekisa amaphepha, futhi ubheke konke ukuthunyelwa njengedatha engathuthukisa okulandelayo. I-Taizhou Chengke Trading Co., Ltd. ikhona ukuze isheshise le nqubo yokufunda ngokukunikeza ulwazi lwendawo, ikhono lokuhlola kanye nobuchwepheshe bamadokhumenti. Isinyathelo esinengqondo esilandelayo ukucela uhlu olufushane lwemikhiqizo kanye nohlelo lwezikhathi lwamasampula lomugqa owodwa womkhiqizo, esikhundleni sekhathalogi yonke. Hlola ubudlelwano bokusebenza nge-oda elingalawuleka ngaphambi kokwandisa. Uma udlula kuleso sivivinyo sokuqala sokuqapha usebenzisa izilinganiso ezicacile, uzokwazi emjikelezweni owodwa ukuthi ubudlelwano bufanele yini ukuthola imikhiqizo kuwe eminyakeni emithathu ezayo.

Ukwedlula izinto eziyisisekelo kusho ukungamukeli ikhotheshini nesithombe njengobufakazi bekhono. Kunalokho, ucela imibhalo yokubhaliswa eqinisekisiwe, imibiko yokuhlolwa, idatha yamandla okukhiqiza, kanye namagama abathengi bamanje. Kusho nokuhlola izindleko eziphelele zokuletha impahla, hhayi inani lento ngayinye kuphela. Lolu shintsho lukuvikela emaphutheni abiza kakhulu lapho uthenga ngaphesheya kwemingcele.

Izinkinga zokuxhumana zivame ukubangelwa yizivumelwano zomlomo ezingabhalwanga kunokuba zibangelwe ulimi lodwa. Qinisekisa lonke ushintsho nge-imeyili, phinda uchaze imininingwane ngamagama akho, futhi usebenzise izithombe noma imidwebo enezichasiselo. Hlela isikhathi esinqunyiwe samasonto onke sokubuyekeza esihambisana namahora okusebenza omphakeli. Bese ugcina idokhumenti eyodwa yesifinyezo ezosetshenziswa yizinhlangothi zombili uma kuba nezingxabano.

Inkampani isekela imikhakha yezolimo lwengadi efana nembewu, izitshalo eziphilayo, izihlahla zezithelo nezinto zasengadini, kanye namapulasitiki ezimboni