Igama Lomkhiqizo: I-Grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi)

Incazelo:
I-Grapefruit iyisithelo esisezingeni eliphezulu se-citrus esivela ekuxubaneni kwemvelo phakathi kwe-pummelo (Citrus maxima) kanye ne-orange emnandi (Citrus sinensis), eyaqala ukubhalwa eBarbados ngekhulu le-18. Igama laso livela endleleni isithelo esikhula ngayo ngamaqoqo asukela kweziningi kuya kumashumi, kufana namagilebhisi emvinini. EChina, kwaziwa kabanzi nangokuthi “西柚” (West Pomelo) , igama elibonisa umsuka walo waseNtshonalanga elaqanjwa ngenkathi isithelo sethulwa eGuangdong naseFujian ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Namuhla, i-grapefruit yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa ye- amakhalori aphansi, amazinga aphezulu e-vitamin C, nokunambitheka okuhlukile okumnandi-kumuncu-kubabayo.

I-Citrus Eletha Kukho Konke Izinga:

I-Grapefruit ihluke phakathi kwezithelo ze-citrus ngenxa ye- ukunambitheka okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuminyana okukhethekile kwezakhamzimba. Isithelo ngasinye siqukethe cishe kuphela 82 amakhalori kodwa kugcwele ivithamini C (40mg nge-100g), i-vitamin B1, B2, i-citric acid, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-fiber, i-pectin, ne-folate. Iqukethe futhi i-naringin (528–743 mg ilitha ngalinye lomjusi) kanye i-limonin – ama-flavonoid e-bioactive anezinto zokuhlanza ukushisa, ukusekela ukugaya, kanye nezakhiwo zokunakekela isikhumba.

Ukunambitheka: Kuswidi, Kuyababa, futhi Kubabayo Ngendlela Ehlukile

Isici esibalulekile somuzwa we-grapefruit ukuthi i-asidi ekhanyayo elinganiswa nenothi lomunyu eliyisiginesha, etholakala kuma-naringin ne-limonin compounds. Leli phrofayili yokunambitheka ihlukanisa i-grapefruit kuzo zonke ezinye izithelo ze-citrus – i eqabulayo, eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ehluke ngokungangabazeki. Izinhlobo ezinomhlophe wenyama njenge I-Marsh zine-asidi ephezulu futhi zinomunyu ogqamile, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezinomhlophe obomvu njenge I-Ruby Red futhi I-Star Ruby ziyinto siphunga kakhulu futhi asinayo i-asidi eningi, ngokubaba okuthambile ngenxa yokuqukethwe ushukela ophezulu.

Uhla Lwemibala Nokunambitheka

Igrapefruit ihlukaniswa ngokwentengiso ngombala wenyama, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile:

• Igrapefruit Emhlophe (Marsh): Inyama ephuzi ngokukhanyayo, i-asidi ephezulu, umunyu ogqamile. Uhlobo lwendabuko olusabaluleka kakhulu ezimakethe ezithile ekukhiqizeni ijusi.

• Ugilefurethi Obomvu (Ruby Red): Inyama enombala wengqumbi, ukunambitheka okulinganisayo okumnandi futhi okumuncu, ukubaba okulingene. Ukuguquka kwe-bud sport okwatholakala eTexas ngo-1929, manje sekungumlimi webhizinisi obalulekile emhlabeni wonke.

• I-Grapefruit Ebomvu (Star Ruby): Inyama ebomvu ejulile, uhlobo olunombala ogqamile kakhulu, olunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-lycopene futhi ukubaba okuncishisiwe. I-Star Ruby iwuguquko olubangelwa imisebe olwaziswa ngenxa yalo isikhumba esincane, izinga eliphezulu lomjusi, nezithelo ezingenambewu, ngokuqukethwe ushukela okuvame ukudlula 10° Brix.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo isicaba-kuya-kububumba, ngobubanzi obungu- 10–15 cm. Isikhumba sikhona phuzi ngokukhanyayo kuya ku-orange-phuzi lapho isivuthiwe, kubushelelezi futhi kuyacwebezela enamaseli amafutha acolekile, futhi ashubile kodwa alula ukuxebuka. Inyama ihlukaniswe yaba amacandelo angu-10–14, enenyama ethambile, enamanzi. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo sisukela ku 300–350g ezinhlobeni ezijwayelekile kuya ku ngaphezu kuka-440g yezinhlobo zezithelo ezinkulu ezifana ne-“Yueyin Kouke Grapefruit”. Izinhlobo eziningi zentengiso zi engenambewu noma ecishe ingenambewu.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezebhizinisi:

• Amakhalori Aphansi, Ukuminyana Okuphezulu Komsoco – 82 ama-calories ngesithelo ngasinye ane-vitamin C ephezulu, i-fiber, nama-flavonoids e-bioactive

• Ukunambitheka Okuhlukile – Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokunambitheka okumnandi, okumuncu nokubaba okunokuqashelwa okunamandla ngabathengi

• Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezimakethe Ngokusekelwe Kumibala – Izinhlobo ezimhlophe, ezipinki, nezibomvu zihlinzekela izintshisekelo ezahlukene zabathengi namazinga entengo ahlukene

• Isikhathi Esihle Sokugcina – Igcinwa ekamelweni lokushisa kuze kufike kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-3 ngaphandle kwefriji

• Isikhathi Esandisiwe Sokuvuna – Kuyatholakala kusukela Agasti kuya kuMeyi ezindaweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza, nesikhathi esiphakeme ekwindla nasebusika

• Ukusetshenziswa Okuhlukahlukene – Ilungele kakhulu ukudliwa okusha, ukukhiqizwa kwejusi, nokucutshungulwa; ijusi yegrapefruit iwumkhiqizo omkhulu wezohwebo emhlabeni wonke

• Ukuthela Kusenesikhathi – Izihlahla ezixhunyiwe zithelela ngaphakathi unyaka ongu-1, ngokukhiqiza okugcwele ngonyaka wesi-4–5

Isixwayiso Esibalulekile Sabathengi:
I-grapefruit nejusi yayo iqukethe ama-furanocoumarins (njenge-bergamottin) ezivimbela kakhulu i-enzyme yamathumbu i-CYP3A4, ethinta ukugayeka kwemithi eminingi kufaka phakathi ama-statin, imithi yomfutho wegazi, nemithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka. Iziguli ezithatha imithi enjalo kufanele gwema ngokuphelele i-grapefruit. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanomfutho wegazi ophakeme, izimo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, noma abadinga ukuhlanza igazi nge-kidney kufanele banciphise ukusetshenziswa futhi hlukanisa isikhathi sokudla igrapefruit okungenani amahora ama-2 ukusuka emithini.

Izindawo Zokutshala:
Idabuka eBarbados, ugilefurethi manje usetshalwa emhlabeni wonke ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezindawo ezishisayo. Izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza zihlanganisa i- United States (Florida neTexas), Israel, South Africa, kanye neChina (Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan). EChina, iFujian Isifunda sasePinghe iyisifunda esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza i-grapefruit yekhwalithi ephezulu, kanti i-Yunnan Yuxi, Xishuangbanna, kanye neDehong izifunda zikhiqiza igrapefruit leyo ivuthwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-20 ngaphambi kwezinye izifunda zaseChina.

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:
Agasti kuya kuJanuwari (nesikhathi esiphezulu Okthoba–Novemba). E-Florida e-United States, ukuvuna kwenzeka kusukela Septhemba kuya kuMeyi, izithelo zifinyelela ubumnandi obuphezulu kusukela Januwari kuya kuMeyi. I-citrus yekwindla-ubusika esezingeni eliphezulu eletha umsoco wamakhalori aphansi, ukunambitheka okuhlukile, namandla emakethe aqinile unyaka wonke ukudliwa okusha kanye nokucutshungulwa kwejusi.