Igama Lomkhiqizo:Isihlahla se-Guifengzao Longan (Dimocarpus longan cv. Guifengzao)

Incazelo:
I-Guiifengzao Longan iyi uhlobo lwe-longan oluvuthwa ngokushesha olusezingeni eliphezulu okukhethwe Iqembu Locwaningo Lwamalongan laseKolishi Lezolimo laseNyuvesi yaseGuangxi. Latholakala esitshalweni esisuka ekuhlukeni okwatholakala ensimini yamalongan etshalwe nge-“Shixia × Chuliang” eBeiyao Farm, eLongzhou County, eChongzuo City, eGuangxi. Lanikezwa ngokusemthethweni Amalungelo Ezinhlobo Zezitshalo yi-China’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs ngoDisemba 30, 2021 (Inombolo Yamalungelo Ezinhlobo: CNA20191002781), isiqedile ukuhlolwa kokwethulwa kwesifunda ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza ezihlanganisa i-Nanning, Daxin, Longzhou, ne-Qinzhou e-Guangxi, kanye ne-Maoming ne-Zhanjiang e-Guangdong, okubonisa ukuvuthwa okuzinzile kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuzivumelanisa okuhle kakhulu.

I-Longan Enesizini Yokuqala:

Isici esichazayo se-GuiFengZao yi- ukushesha okukhethekile. Ivuthwa ngo-ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi eNanning, cishe izinsuku ezi-7–8 ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunezinhlobo ze-“Shixia” zensimu efanayo, futhi izinsuku ezi-7–15 ngaphambi kwesikhathiezifundeni ezahlukene zokukhiqiza kanye neminyaka. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-“Chuliang,” ivuthwaizinsuku ezingama-20–30 ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusiza kwangaphambi kwesizini kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bathole amanani aphezulu emakethe ekuqaleni kakhulu kwesizini ye-longan lapho ukuhlinzekwa kwezithelo ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kusencane.

Ukubukeka & Ukunambitheka:
Isithelo si- kuyindilinga kuya kokucishe kube yindilinga, nge-isikhumba esiluhlaza ngokunsundu ekhanya kune-Shixia. Inyama i- kumhlophe okhanyayo, kukhulu, futhi kuqinile, nge-imvelo “dry-pack” (干苞) – ijusi aliconsi lapho isithelo sivulwa, okusenza silungele ukuthuthwa nokusetshenziswa okusha. Ukunambitheka kungu-ihlanzekile futhi imnandi, futhi isithelo sihlukana kalula kusuka kuso imbewu encane, emide. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo ngu-11.12 amagremu – i- isithelo esiphakathi noma esikhulu inkulu kakhulu kune-Shixia (8.43g) futhi iqhathaniseka ne-Chuliang (12.25g). Okuqukethwe okuncibilikayo kufinyelela 21.5%(kuze kufike ku-25%), nge-izinga lokudliwa elingu-71.8% (kufika ku-74.0%).

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuhweba:

• Ukuvuthwa Ngokushesha Okudlulele – Kuvunwa ngo-ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, izinsuku ezi-7–15 ngaphambi kwe-Shixia kanye nezinsuku ezingama-20–30 ngaphambi kwe-Chuliang

• Ukuthela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi & Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izithelo ku- unyaka 2, ukukhiqiza okugcwele ngonyaka wesi-3–4; izihlahla ezineminyaka emi-3 zikhiqiza24.7–30.6 kg isihlahla ngasinye(1,086.8 kg/mu); izihlahla ezineminyaka engu-6 zikhiqiza50–60 kg isihlahla ngasinye

• Usayizi Omkhulu Wesithelo– isilinganiso esingu-11.12g, sikhulu kakhulu kune-Shixia

• Ikhwalithi Ephezulu Yokudla – Dry-pack, kuqinile, kumnandi, futhi kulula ukukudla ngenhlamvu encane

• Okuqukethwe Ushukela Ophezulu – 21.5% Brix (kuze kufike ku-25%)

• Ukuzivumelanisa Okuqinile – Ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni eziningi zokukhiqiza eGuangxi naseGuangdong

• Amalungelo Ezinhlobonhlobo Zezitshalo Avikelwe – Uhlobo olugunyaziwe futhi olwaziwayo

Izindawo Zokutshala:
I-Guifengzao ikhombise ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi okuzinzile kanye nokuzivumelanisa okunamandla kulo lonke eGuangxi (eNanning, eDaxin, eLongzhou, eQinzhou) naseGuangdong (eMaoming, eZhanjiang) . Kunconywa ukuthi kukhuthazwe ezindaweni ezinkulu zokukhiqiza amalongan eChina ukusiza ukulungisa ukwakheka kwezinhlobo kanye nokubhekana nezinselelo zemboni yezikhathi zokuvuna ezihlangene kanye nenzuzo encane yezomnotho.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isiphunzi: i-Tulongyan noma i-Shuinan No.1 longan kuyanconywa

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 4m × 5m (cishe izihlahla ezingama-33 nge-mu)

• Ukuqeqesha: Ubude besiqu 50–70cm; khulisaamagatsha amakhulu ama-3–4 asatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo; izihlahla ezincane zidinga ukusikwa okuncane kanye nokugoba amagatsha amaningi; izihlahla ezivuthiwe zisebenzisa ukusika okufushane nokunciphisa

• Ukuphathwa Kwegatsha Lomama Othela Izithelo: Hlakulela izigaba ezimbili zamahlumela ekwindla ngemuva kokuvuna; ihlumela lokugcina lasekwindla kufanele livele ku- ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthobafuthi ivuthwe ngongasekupheleni kukaNovemba kuya ekuqaleni kukaDisemba

• Ukukhuthazwa Kwezimbali:Fafaza40% ethephon 8–12 mL + 15% paclobutrazol 15–18 g ngemuva kokuqothulwa kokugcina kokuvuthwa

• Ukunciphisa Izithelo: Gcina izithelo ezingama-50–60 ngesihloko

• Ukuvundiswa: Gxila ku- umanyolo wokukhuthaza ukuqhakaza, wokukhulisa isithelo, wangaphambi kokuvuna, kanye nowamahlumela asekwindla; okusekelwe kwezinto eziphilayo kanye ne-nitrogen ne-potassium eyengeziwe

• Ukunisela: Nisela ngesikhathi se-izikhathi zesomiso zezinsuku ezi-10–15 ekwindla; gcina umswakama womhlabathi ungaguquguquki ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezithelo

• Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Qaphela i-ama-leaf rollers kanye nama-inchworms ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwamahlumela; ama-long-legged leaf beetles kanye nama-stink bugsngesikhathi sokuqhakaza;ama-fruit borers ngemuva kokuthela izithelo

Isizini Yokuvuna:
Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekupheleni kukaJulayi – uhlobo lwe-longan olusezingeni eliphezulu oluvuthwa ngokushesha oludlulele oluthi lushintshe ukuqala kwesizini ye-longan. Nge-7–15 izinsuku zokuqala ngaphambi kwe-Shixia, ukuthela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nesivuno esiphezulu, futhi izithelo ezinkulu, ezisezingeni eliphezulu, I-Guiifengzao inikeza abalimi inzuzo yesu lokuthatha intengo yemakethe yokuqala yesizini. Ilungele ukuthengisa emakethe entsha, izokuxhumana kwe-e-commerce, nokuvuselelwa kwezinhlobo zezihlahla zensimu ezindaweni zokukhiqiza i-longan eChina.