Igama Lomkhiqizo: Gushan No.2 Longan (Dimocarpus longan cv. Gushan No.2)
Incazelo:
I-Gushan No.2 Longan iwuhlobo lwe-longan olusezingeni eliphezulu oluvuthwa ngokushesha olusuka e-Beiyang Village, e-Yunlu Town, e-Jiedong County, e-Guangdong Province, e-China. Lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa ngegama lendawo ethi “Gushan” lapho kwatholakala khona isihlahla sikamama sokuqala, futhi lwasungulwa ngokusebenzisa iminyaka engu-17 ngokukhethwa nokuzalaniswa okuhleliwe yiminyango yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe kwezolimo ngokubambisana nezikhungo zocwaningo zesifundazwe nomasipala. Yathola Umklomelo Wendawo Yokuqala e-Guangdong Province Rare and Excellent Fruit Evaluation ngo- 1986, i- Indondo Yegolide e-Second China Agricultural Exposition ngo- 1995, futhi yagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni yiKomidi Lokugunyazwa Kwezinhlobo Zezitshalo ZaseGuangdong ngo- 2000 (Inombolo Yokugunyazwa: Yue Shen Guo 2000001). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isisetshenzisiwe kulo lonke 210,000 mu e-Guangdong Province, kufaka phakathi 140,000 mu eDolobheni laseJieyang kuphela, okwenza kube ngolunye lwezinhlobo zelongan ezidliwayo zokuqala ezimelwe kakhulu empumalanga yeGuangdong.
I-Longan Enobunikazi Besizini Yokuqala:
Isici esiveza uGushan No.2 yi- ukushesha okukhethekile. Ivuthwa ngo- maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kukaJulayi esifundeni sokukhiqiza saseMpumalanga Guangdong, cishe izinsuku ezingu-7–10 ngaphambi kwesikhathi kune-Shixia longan edumile. Leli thuba lesizini yokuqala livumela abalimi ukuthi bathole amanani aphezulu emakethe ngesikhathi sesizini ye-longan yasehlobo lapho ukuhlinzekwa kukhawulelwe. Lolu hlobo luchazwe njengoluthi “izinhlobo zokuqala ezidliwayo ezisezingeni eliphezulu” olunokuzivumelanisa okunamandla kanye nokukhiqiza okuzinzile.
Ukubukeka:
Isithelo si- cishe iyindilinga eyisicaba ngamahlombe aphakanyiswe kancane, alingana ngosayizi futhi amiseke kahle. Isikhumba sikhona kusuka ku-reddish-brown kuya ku-pale grayish-brown, ikakhulukazi izacile, ngokuqhekeka okubonakalayo okufana negobolondo lofudu kanye nokuphuma okufana namasumpa. Ngaphakathi, inyama i phuzi elinamafutha, okumhlophe njengobisi futhi okusobala, ene- ukuthungwa okunoshukela nokuhlaziyayo kanye ne- ukunambitheka okumsulwa, okumnandi kuhambisana ne- iphunga eliyingqayizivele. Inyama i “dry-pack” (akukhiphi ujusi) – ijusi ayiconsi lapho isithelo sivulwa – futhi ihlukana kalula nembewu. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo ngu- 10–12 amagremu, nge 66%–70.8% izinga lokudliwa kanye ne- okuqukethwe okuncibilikayo okuyi-18.89%–20.5%. Imbewu i encane, iyindilinga, futhi nsundu. I-Vitamin C ifinyelela ku- 85.7 mg ku-100mL yejusi.
Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezebhizinisi:
Isikhathi Sokufika Emakethe Kwasekuqaleni Kwesizini – Ivuthwa ngo- maphakathi noNtulikazi kuya ekupheleni kukaNtulikazi, cishe izinsuku ezi-7–10 ngaphambi kwe-Shixia, okuthatha isidingo esiphezulu sokuqala kwesizini
Umnqobi Wendondo Yegolide – Indawo Yokuqala eMhlanganweni Wokuhlola Izithelo Ezingavamile waseGuangdong ngo-1986 kanye neMklomelo Wegolide eMhlanganisweni Wezolimo waseChina ngo-1995
Ushukela Ophezulu & Ukunambitheka Okuhlukile – 18.89%–20.5% Brix enambitheka kamnandi futhi inephunga eliyingqayizivele
Isikhumba Esincane, Inyama Ewugqinsi, Izinga Eliphezulu Lokudliwa – 66%–70.8% yezinga lokudliwa nembewu encane
Dry-Pack (akukhiphi ijusi) – Ijusi ayiconsi, okuyenza ilungele ukudayiswa emakethe entsha nokuthuthwa
Ukuthela Kusenesikhathi & Isivuno Esiphezulu – Iqhakaza kalula futhi lithela izithelo ngokushesha; izihlahla ezixhunywe phezulu zithela izithelo unyaka wesibili. Izinsimu ezivuthiwe zifinyelela 100 kg nge-mu ngonyaka wesi-2, kanti isivuno sikhula minyaka yonke
Ubuchwepheshe Bokunciphisa Ubukhulu Obuvuthiwe – Yasungulwa uhlelo lokulima olunciphisa ubukhulu, oluthela kusenesikhathi, futhi olunesivuno esiphezulu kwenza kube nembuyiselo esheshayo kanye nokuphathwa kwensimu okulula
Izindawo Zokulima:
Idabuka E-Beiyang Village, e-Yunlu Town, e-Jiedong County, e-Guangdong Province, iGushan No.2 Longan itshalwa kakhulu e- Jiedong (Guiling, Yuhu, Baita, Yunlu, Longwei Towns), ngaphezu kwe 100,000 mu eJiedong kuphela kanye 140,000 mu kulo lonke iDolobha laseJieyang. Iphinde yethulwa ngempumelelo e Jinjiang, Fujian, kanye nezinye izifunda ezikhulisa ama-longan eningizimu yeChina. Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical monsoon salesifunda, esinelanga eliningi (amahora angu-1,700–2,000 ngonyaka), izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka elingu-20–22°C, kanye nenhlabathi ekahle kahle, kunikeza izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ama-longan asezingeni eliphezulu.
Amanothi Okulima:
Isimo sezulu: Ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele nge- amahora angu-1,700–2,000 ilanga lonyaka; izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lonyaka elingu-20–22°C; ubuncane basebusika ngaphezu kuka -3°C; umthombo wamanzi onokwethenjelwa kanye nokuhambisa amanzi okuhle
Inhlabathi: Ijulile, ine-asidi encane, ixegayo, inomswakama, ayinamanzi amaningi inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma inhlabathi emagqumeni, emasimini aphezulu, noma ezindaweni ezomile
Ukuminyana Kokutshala: izihlahla ezingama-30 nge-mu emagqumeni; izihlahla ezingama-35 nge-mu emhlabathini oyisicaba; 1m × 1m × 1m imigodi yokutshala
Uhlelo Lokunciphisa Ubukhulu: Qeqeshela ku- umbhede womqhele oyindilinga nobude besiqu ngaphansi kuka 50 cm; ukusabalala komqhele kufinyelela ku-2m futhi ubude besihlahla bube ngu-1.5–2m phakathi neminyaka emibili
Ukufaka umanyolo: izicelo ezi-4 ngonyaka nge- isilinganiso se-N:P:K esingu-1:0.3:1.5; ukugcizelela i-potassium yekhwalithi yesithelo
Ukuphathwa Kwezithelo: Iqhakaza kakhulu kodwa ithela izithelo ezimbalwa; gcizelela ukugcinwa kwezimbali nezithelo kanye nomthwalo wesivuno olinganiselayo
Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Gada i isikhunta se-litchi, isibungu sezithelo, kanye ne-downy blight; sebenzisa i-trichlorfon ne-Ridomil MZ njengoba kudingeka
Inothi Lokuxhunyanisa: Ukuhambisana kokuxhunyaniswa kwe-graft kubi kakhulu; khetha izinhlanganisela zezimpande ezifanele ukuze ukuxhunyelelwa kuphumelele
Isikhathi Sokuvuna: Vuna ngokushesha lapho sekuvuthwe kahle njengohlobo ilahlekelwa ushukela ngokushesha (回糖快) futhi ine- isikhathi esifushane sokukha
Isizini Yokuvuna:
Maphakathi nokuphela kukaJulayi – i-longan yokuqala yesizini esezingeni eliphezulu enikeza ikhwalithi yendondo yegolide, ukunambitheka okumnandi okuhlukile, kanye nesikhathi esihle sokufika emakethe kusenesikhathi. Nge- ikhasi elincane, inyama eningi, izinga eliphezulu lokudliwa, kanye nemvelo ye-dry-pack, iGushan No.2 iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu se- ukudayiswa kwemakethe entsha, ukupakishwa kwezipho okusezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuthuthwa kwezinto zokuhweba nge-inthanethi ngesikhathi sokuqala kwesizini ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ilongan eziseningizimu yeChina.