Igama Lomkhiqizo: I-Navel Orange (Citrus sinensis var. brasiliensis)
Incazelo:
I-Navel Orange, eyaziwa ngesayensi ngokuthi Citrus sinensis var. brasiliensis, iwuhlobo lwe-orange emnandi esezingeni eliphezulu evela ekuguqukeni kwesihlahla esazenzekela esatholakala ensimini yesigodlo saseBrazil ngo-1820. Lokho kuguquka kwaveza isithelo sesibili esingakhulile esiqongweni se-orange, kwakha isibazi esihlukile esithi "navel" esikhumbeni – isici esinikeza lesi sitshalo esithandwayo igama salo. Yaziswa eCalifornia ngo-1870, i-navel orange yasheshe yaba yinto yezentengiselwano emhlabeni wonke futhi manje itshalwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni wonke. EShayina, uhlobo oluyinhloko lwezentengiselwano yi Newhall, i-早熟芽变 ye-Washington Navel Orange, eyethulwa ngo-1978 futhi manje eyisihlobo esivelele kuzo zonke izifunda ezinkulu zokukhiqiza ezihlanganisa i-Gannan (Jiangxi), i-Fengjie (Chongqing), ne-Zigui (Hubei).
I-Citrus Enikeza Kukho Konke:
I-Navel Orange yaziwa ngokuthi ubumnandi obukhethekile, inyama eqinile encibilikayo, kanye nokungabi nambewu okulula. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo lifinyelela ku- 12%–16% Brix, ngoshukela ophelele odlula 11% kanye ne-asidi ephansi njenge 0.6%, okukhiqiza isilinganiso sikashukela ku-asidi esingu- 18:1 – ukulinganisela okuphelele kwephrofayili emnandi futhi ene-asidi evame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili zimnandi, izingxenye ezimbili zinomuncu." Inyama ithi emncane, oqinile, futhi oncibilikayo (化渣) , nokuqukethwe kwejusi okudlula 55%, linikeza umuzwa wokudla ocebile, onephunga elimnandi, futhi oqabulayo. Isithelo si engenambewu, ngezinga elidliwayo le- 74%, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukudla njengokudla okulula.
Okugqamayo Okubonakalayo:
Isithelo sikhulu i-oval kuya kwe-long-oval nge isikhumba esiphuzi ngokugqamile-ebomvu kuya kokusihlaza okujulile ebushelelezi, ecwebezelayo, futhi ekhanga kakhulu. Ikhasi lalo li 0.35–0.55 cm ubukhulu futhi ixebuka kalula. Ngaphakathi, inyama i i-orange ejulile, nezikhwama zomjusi zihlelwe kahle futhi zigcwele umjusi omnandi, onephunga elimnandi.
Ukuphakama Kwezakhi:
I-Navel Orange iyisipho sokudla okunomsoco, equkethe I-Vitamin C, i-Vitamin B1, ne-Vitamin B2 emazingeni izikhathi ezi-5–10 eziphakeme kunezapula namapheya. Iphinde icebile ngama-carotenoids namanye ama-antioxidants anenzuzo, okusekela impilo yamasosha omzimba, impilo yesikhumba, kanye nempilo iyonke.
Izinzuzo Eziyisisekelo Zokuhweba:
Ikhwalithi Ephezulu Yokudla – Ushukela ophezulu (12–16% Brix), i-asidi ephansi, inyama eqinile futhi encibilikayo
Engenambewu – Azinambewu ukuze ujabulele ngaphandle kwenkathazo
Ukubukeka Okukhanga – Isikhumba esiphuzi ngokugqamile esibomvu, esibushelelezi futhi esicwebezelayo
Isikhathi Esihle Sokugcina – Ikhasi eliwugqinsi nokwakheka okuqinile kusekela ukuthunyelwa kude nokuphila isikhathi eside eshalofini
Isikhathi Sokuhlinzeka Esandisiwe – Ngokulandelana kwezinhlobo (September Red → Newhall → Late Navel → Summer Orange), ama-navel orange amasha angahlinzekwa unonyaka wonke
Imikhiqizo Yendawo Yokukhiqiza – I-Gannan Navel Orange, i-Fengjie Navel Orange, ne-Zigui Navel Orange zonke zibonwa njenge Imikhiqizo Yendawo Yokukhiqiza Kazwelonke
Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izivini ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza 2,000–3,000 kg nge-mu
Izindawo Zokutshala:
I-Navel Orange itshalwa ngempumelelo e- I-Jiangxi (i-Gannan – isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni sokukhiqiza i-navel orange, esinama-mu ayizigidi eziyi-1.94 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.93 okukhiqizwa minyaka yonke), Chongqing (Fengjie – eyaziwa ngokuthi "Ikhaya LamaNavel Orange aseShayina"), I-Hubei (i-Zigui – isifunda se-citrus kuphela e-China esikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamawolintshi amasha unyaka wonke), I-Sichuan (i-Jintang, i-Leibo), Guangdong (Pingyuan), futhi Fujian. Isifunda saseGannan, esisendaweni efanele yobude be-25°N, sikhiqiza izithelo ezine- okuphakeme kakhulu kukashukela nokubukeka okudlula izinhlobo ezifanayo ezitshalwe e-United States.
Amanothi Okulima:
Isimo Sezulu: Idinga izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe lonyaka lika-17–19°C, ≥10°C izinga lokushisa elinqwabelanayo elingaphezu kwe- 5,500°C, futhi amazinga okushisa asebusika angawi ngaphansi kuka -3°C
Ukukhethwa Kwe-Rootstock:
Inhlabathi ene-asidi (pH 4.5–6.5): I-Large-leaf trifoliate orange – ukuthela kusenesikhathi, isivuno esiphezulu, ukuncipha (izihlahla ezingama-56 nge-mu ku-3m×5m)
Inhlabathi ene-alkaline (pH >6.5): I-Red tangerine noma i-Ziyang sweet orange – ukubekezelela ukucindezeleka okuqinile
Carrizo citrange: Ithwala kamuva kodwa ikhiqiza kahle kakhulu esikhathini sakamuva; umqhele omkhulu (izihlahla ezingama-45 nge-mu ku-4m×5m); isengozini yebhungane le-longhorn kanye nokubola konyawo
Ukuminyana Kokutshala: izihlahla ezingama-45–56 nge-mu ngebanga lika-3m×4m noma 3m×5m
Inhlabathi: Umhlabathi ojulile, odonsa kahle noma umhlabathi oyisihlabathi esinokudonsa kahle pH 6.0–7.0
Ukuvundiswa: Faka 2,000 kg kamanyolo wemvelo obolile ngemuva kwe-mu ngaphambi kokutshala; gwema ukufaka umanyolo enyangeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala; sebenzisa izikhathi eziningi, ukusetshenziswa okulula kwezihlahla ezincane kanye nomanyolo wefomula ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe
Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Gxila ku i-red spider mite, ama-aphid, i-anthracnose, nesifo se-canker. Sebenzisa 20% pyridaben EC ekuhlanjululweni okungu-2000× ye-red spider mite, ukushintshanisa amakhemikhali ukuvimbela ukumelana
Ukuthena: Susa amagatsha angaphakathi kwesihlahla kanye namagatsha amanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena komoya nokukhanya; ukuthena kahle kungandisa isivuno ngo- 10%–15%
Ukuvikelwa Ebusika: Penda iziqu ngenhlanganisela ye-lime-sulfur-salt noma uzisonge ngotshani ezindaweni ezibandayo; izihlahla ezincane zingavikelwa ngamashubhu epulasitiki alula
Isizini Yokuvuna:
Novemba kuya kuJuni (kuye ngenhlobo nesifunda). I-Newhall ivuthwa kusukela maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kukaNovemba; i-Fengjie Navel Orange ifinyelela umvuthwandaba kusukela ngo- Disemba kuya kuJanuwari; i-Late Navel (Lunwan) yandisa isizini kusukela Mashi kuya kuJuni; I-Summer Orange ivuthwa ngo- Ephreli–Meyi. Ngokukhetha izinhlobo ngobuhlakani nokutshala okuhlehlisiwe, amawolintshi e-navel amasha angahlinzekwa unonyaka wonke – inzuzo eyingqayizivele eqinisekisa ukuba khona kwemakethe okuqhubekayo kanye namandla entengo aphezulu kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka.