Igama Lomkhiqizo: Orah Mandarin (Wogan)

Incazelo:
I-Orah Mandarin, eyaziwa nangokuthi Wogan noma Iwolintshi Elivundile, iyinhlobo ye-mandarin yesizini yakamuva ephuma e-Israel. Iyinhlanganisela ye- “Temple” tangor futhi “Dancy” mandarin, yathuthukiswa ngemizamo yokuzalanisa yezinhlelo zocwaningo lwezolimo zakwa-Israel. Yethulwa eChina ngo-2004 yi-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences' Citrus Research Institute, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yatholakala futhi yathuthukiswa ezindaweni ezikhiqiza amawolintshi eGuangxi, Chongqing, nakwezinye izifunda, futhi yaqinisekiswa ngokusemthethweni njengohlobo olufanele izindawo zokukhiqiza amawolintshi zaseGuangxi.

I-Mandarin Ebuyisela Ubumnandi Nokulula:

I-Orah Mandarin idume nge ukulingana okuhle kakhulu kukashukela ne-asidi futhi isikhathi sokuvuna eside ngokumangalisayo. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo lifinyelela ku- 13% Brix noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho i-asidi ingu- 0.47%, okukhiqiza isilinganiso sikashukela kuya ku-asidi sika- 27.66 – ukuletha i- ukunambitheka okunothile, okumnandi, nokuvuselelayo okuye kwathola idumela lokuthi “umnandi kakhulu phakathi kwama-citrus.” Inyama ithi ethambile, enamanzi, futhi encibilikayo (化渣) , nge 9–11 izingxenye yamajusi amancane ansundu ogqamile, anombala ocwebezelayo. Isithelo kulula ukuyihluba, enesikhumba esincane (2.5–2.74mm) esihlukana kahle nenyama, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukudla njengokudla okulula.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo si isicaba-siyindilinga futhi simile kahle, nge- isikhumba esibushelelezi, esicwebezelayo esisawolintshi kuya kobomvu-sawolintshi. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo 130–165 amagremu, ngezinga lokudliwa elingu- 78.80% kanye nokukhiqizwa kwejusi okungu- 60.56%. Inyama i okubomvu okusagolide okujulile, enomhlaba ocwebezelayo, futhi igcwele ijusi.

Ukuhleleka Kwezakhamzimba:
I-Orah Mandarin icebile nge- I-Vitamin C (21.12mg/100mL) futhi i-potassium, futhi iqukethe i-hesperidin (897.63 mg/kg) – i-flavonoid enenzuzo enezakhiwo ze-antioxidant. Yayo isilinganiso sika-solid-acid esingu-27.66 kubonisa ukunambitheka okulinganiswe kahle ngendlela emangalisayo.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezebhizinisi:

• Ubumnandi Obumangalisayo – 13%+ Brix enamanye ne-0.47% acidity kuphela ukuthola ukunambitheka okucebile, okumnandi

• Isikhathi Sokuvuna Eside Kakhulu – Ivuthwa kusukela Januwari kuya kuFebruwari, ngezithelo ezingagcinwa esihlahleni kuze kufike Meyi, futhi kufika ku- Julayi–Agasti kwezinye izifunda

• Impilo Yokugcina Enhle Kakhulu – Ukugcinwa emakhazeni kwesikhathi esingaba izinsuku ezingama-60+ ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi

• Kulula Ukuyihlubula – Isikhumba esincane sihlukana kalula enyameni

• Isivuno Esiphezulu Nokukhula Okunamandla – Amandla esihlahla anamandla kanye nokukhiqiza okuthembekile

• Ukuqashelwa Kwezimakethe Eziphezulu – Isifunda sokukhiqiza saseWuming eGuangxi (46万亩, 20万吨 ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ngo-2024) sesisungule i-Orah njengophawu oluhamba phambili lwe-citrus yekhwalithi ephezulu

Izindawo Zokulima:
Idabuka kwa-Israel, i-Orah Mandarin manje isilinywa kakhulu e- Guangxi (Wuming – isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza esinama-mu angu-460,000), Chongqing, Yunnan (Lijiang, Yongsheng), Sichuan, kanye nezinye izifunda ezitshala ama-citrus asezindaweni ezishisayo. Isimo sezulu se-monsoon sase-Wuming – esinezinga lokushisa lonyaka elilinganiselwe lika- 22.9°C futhi amahora angu-1,609 wokukhanya kwelanga kwonyaka – kukhiqiza izithelo ezinoshukela omangalisayo nokubukeka okuhle.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo sezulu: Idinga izinga lokushisa lonyaka elilinganiselwe elingaphezu kuka-17.5°C; ubusika obuncane akumele kube ngaphansi kuka- 0°C; ukukhula okuhle kakhulu ku 20–22°C ukwenza ushukela uqoqeke

• Ukukhethwa Kwendawo: Imithambeka ngaphansi kuka-15° ukulima ezintabeni; umthombo wamanzi onokwethenjelwa kanye nokuhambisa amanzi okuhle kubalulekile

• Isiqu: Iwolintshi elimnandi, itangerine ebomvu, i-trifoliate orange, noma i-citrange kunconywa; gwema izinhlanganisela ze-trifoliate orange × pummelo ngenxa yokungahambisani kokuxhunyelelwa

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 2.5m × 4m noma 3m × 5m ukwenza umoya uhamba kahle nokukhanya kungenele

• Ukuvundiswa: Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe- umquba osebolile wemvelo noma umanyolo ohlanganisiwe njengesisekelo; engeza nge i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-zinc, ne-magnesium emhlabathini omubi

• Ukuthena: Vimbela ukuqhakaza kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ezihlahleni ezincane; khulisa umqhele ovulekile ukuze ukukhanya kungene futhi umoya ujikeleze

• Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Landela izimiso zokuphathwa kwezinambuzane okuhlanganisiwe (IPM); gcizelela ku- ukuvimbela nokulawula okuluhlaza ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:
Disemba kuya ku-Ephreli (umthombo oyinhloko) – nesikhathi sokuvuna sisuka phakathi kukaDisemba kuya ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi isithelo esikwazi ukuhlala esihlahleni kuze kufike Julayi–Agasti ezifundeni ezivuthwa sekwephuzile njengesihosha somfula i-Jinsha e-Yunnan. I-mandarin yasemva kwesizini esezingeni eliphezulu eletha ubumnandi obuphezulu, isikhathi eside sokugcina, nokuba khona emakethe isikhathi eside ngendlela emangalisayo ukudayisela okusha, ukupakishwa kwezipho, ukuthuthwa kwe-e-commerce, neziteshi zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.