Igama Lomkhiqizo: IPonkan Mandarin (i-Chinese Honey Orange)

Incazelo:
I-Ponkan, eyaziwa nangokuthi iHoney Orange yaseChina noma Nagpur Suntara eNdiya, ingelinye lama- izinhlobo zama-mandarin ezitshalwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngomkhiqizo omkhulu eChina, eNdiya, eBrazil, naseTaiwan. Yaqala e-India emaphakathi futhi yethulwa e-China eseningizimu ngesikhathi soMbuso wakwaTang, kamuva yasakazeka e-Taiwan ngo-1775. Namuhla, iShayina ingumkhiqizi oyinhloko, enezifunda zokukhiqiza ezaziwayo eFujian, eGuangdong, eHunan, eZhejiang (Quzhou – “Ikhaya LamaPonkan EShayina”), naseTaiwan.

IMandarin Echaza Ukulula Nokunambitheka:

Isici esichaza iPonkan wukuthi ikhasi elixegayo ngokumangalisayo, elilula ukulihluba. Igama elithi “椪” ngokwalo livela olimini lwesiCantonese nesiFujian okusho “ikhasi elixegayo” noma “okungenalutho,” okuchaza indlela ikhasi elihlukana ngayo ngokwemvelo nenyama lapho isivuthiwe, okudala umuzwa othambile, ovumelayo lapho ucindezelwa. Lokhu kwenza iPonkan ibe ngelinye lamandarin asetshenziswa kalula kakhulu uma edliwa elisha.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo sithi i-oblate kuya kwi-high-oblate, enomphezulu obanzi, oyisicaba kanye nentamo emfushane ehlukile ekugcineni kwesiqu. Ikhasi lingaphandle i-orange-yellow kuya kwi-orange-red, kukhanya futhi kujiyile ngokwesilinganiso, kunamaseli amafutha agqamile okwenza kube nekhwalithi ethi yamatshe amancane. Ngaphakathi, inyama ithi i-orange ejulile, ethambile, futhi encibilikayo (化渣) , kuhlukaniswe kube 9–12 izingxenye ene-axis emaphakathi engenalutho. Isisindo esimaphakathi sezithelo singu- 120–160g, kanti izinhlobo zekhwalithi ephezulu zifinyelela ku- 230g noma ngaphezulu.

Ukunambitheka Nokumnandi:
I-Ponkan iletha i- ukunambitheka okunothile kakhulu, okumnandi ngephunga elimnandi. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo lifinyelela 11–13% Brix, nge-asidi ye- 0.5–0.6%, ukwakha ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu okulinganiswe kahle. Inyama yayo i- inamanzi, icwebezelayo, futhi incibilika, nokuphela okuhlanzekile, okuhlaziyayo. I-Ponkan yekhasi eliluhlaza yokuqala kwesizini (evunwa ngo-Okthoba–Novemba) inikeza i- ukunambitheka okumuncu nokumnandi, kuyilapho izithelo ezivuthwe ngokugcwele (kusukela ngoNovemba) zithuthukisa ukunambitheka okulinganiselayo, okumnandi ethuthuka ngokugcinwa.

Inani Lokudla Okunomsoco Nezokwelapha:
IPonkan icebile nge- I-Vitamin C (30mg nge-100ml yejusi) kanye ne-fiber yokudla. Ikhasi liqukethe uwoyela obalulekile futhi lisetshenziswa emithini yendabuko njenge- isidakamizwa esinuka kamnandi sesisu kanye nesikhipha isikhwehlela. Isithelo saziwa ngenxa ye- ukuvuselela isifiso sokudla, ukulawula i-qi, nokuthambisa amaphaphu izici. Emithini yendabuko yaseShayina, isetshenziselwa ukukhulula ukoma, ukushisa, kanye nokudakwa ngotshwala.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezebhizinisi:

• Ikhasi Elixegayo, Elilula Ukuxebuka – Enye yamandarina alula kakhulu okudliwa esitsheni

• Ukunambitheka Okunothile, Okumnandi – 11–13% Brix ene-asidi elinganiselayo nephunga elimnandi

• Impilo Enhle Yokugcinwa – Igcinwa kahle phakathi kweSikhathi Sokukhonza nangentwasahlobo elandelayo

• Isikhathi Sokuhlinzeka Esandisiwe – iPonkan Enesikhumba Esiluhlaza evela e- Okthoba, izithelo ezivuthwe ngokugcwele ezivela ku- Lwezi, izinhlobo zesizini yakamuva ezifinyelela ku- Meyi unyaka olandelayo

• Ukuzivumelanisa Okubanzi – Ichuma ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi kwezishisayo ezinamazinga okushisa amaphakathi onyaka angaphezu kuka- 18°C

• Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izihlahla ezinamandla, ezikhiqizayo ezinenzuzo enkulu yezebhizinisi

• Ukucutshungulwa Okuguquguqukayo – Kuhle kakhulu ekudleni okusha, ijusi, iwayini, uviniga, ukugcinwa, kanye nejamu

Izindawo Zokukhula:
I-Ponkan ilinywa ngempumelelo kulo lonke Fujian (isifunda esiseningizimu), Guangdong (isifunda esisempumalanga), Taiwan, Hunan (isifunda esentshonalanga – edume ngekhwalithi ephezulu), Zhejiang (Quzhou – "iKhaya lePonkan laseChina"), Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, kanye neChongqing. E-Taiwan, izindawo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza zihlanganisa Yunlin, Chiayi, Taichung (Dongshi), kanye neMiaoli (Zhuolan), kanti isifunda saseTaiwan esimaphakathi ngokomlando sasikhiqiza izithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo Sezulu: Ukukhula okuhle kakhulu ku 20–22°C izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile; ibekezelela -9°C kuya ku--8°C kodwa izwela emakhazeni isikhathi eside

• Ukukhethwa Kwendawo: Umhlabathi ojulile (ngaphezu kuka-1m), izinto eziphilayo >1.5%, pH 5.5–6.5; imithambeka ebheke eningizimu, empumalanga, noma eningizimu-mpumalanga engaphansi kuka-600m ukuphakama

• Isiqu: I-orange emuncu, i-trifoliate orange yamaqabunga amancane, noma i-Jiangxi red tangerine kutuswa

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 150 izihlahla/mu ku-1.5m×3m ekutshalweni okuminyene; noma ku-5.0m×2.0m ezingadini ezijwayelekile

• Isikhathi Sokutshala: uSepthemba–Novemba noma Nhlolanja–Ndasa

• Ukuthena: Qeqeshela ku- isihlahla esincane, esivulekile emaphakathi; gcina amaqabunga amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ezihlahleni ezithelayo; susa amagatsha agqagqene, amaqoqo, kanye nalawo anezifo; vuselela izinkuni ezithelayo minyaka yonke

• Isikhathi Sokuvuna: Kha lapho isivuthiwe ukuze uvimbele ukulahleka kwekhwalithi nokuvuvukala kwegxolo

• Usongo Olukhulu: I-Huanglongbing (isifo sokuluhlaza kwamawolintshi) iyingozi eyinhloko yokukhiqiza

Isizini Yokuvuna:
Okthoba kuya kuZibandlela (isizini eyinhloko) – kanti i-Ponkan enesikhumba esiluhlaza iyatholakala kusukela Okthoba, izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele kusukela Novemba, kanti izinhlobo zesizini yakamuva zelula ukuhlinzeka kuze kufike ku- Meyi unyaka olandelayo. I-mandarin yekwindla-ubusika yekhwalithi ephezulu ethi ilethe ukususa kabusha okungenakuqhathaniswa, ukunambitheka okumnandi okunothile, kanye nempilo yokugcina ekhethekile yokuthengisa emakethe entsha, ukupakisha izipho, ukuthutha nge-e-commerce, kanye nezinhlelo zokucubungula