Igama Lomkhiqizo: I-Sijimi Longan (I-Four Seasons Honey Longan)

Incazelo:
I-Sijimi Longan, eyaziwa nangokuthi I-Four Seasons Honey Longan noma I-Longan Eqhubeka Iqhakaza, iyinhlobo ye-longan yasezindaweni ezishisayo esezingeni eliphezulu evela endaweni yomngcele waseGuangxi, eChina, naseVietnam. Yiyo le uhlobo lokuqala lwelongan eChina ukufeza ukukhiqizwa kwezohwebo ngaphandle kwesizini ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokuvuna esilawulwayo, futhi isiqinisekisiwe ngokusemthethweni yikomidi lokugunyaza izinhlobo zezitshalo zesifundazwe saseGuangxi (2008, No. Gui Shen Guo 2008002) kanye naseFujian (2010, No. Min Ren Guo 2010008).

I-Longan Ephikisana Nekhalenda:

Isici esichaza iSijimi Longan ukuthi isici esiyingqayizivele sokukhula kwezimbali okuqhubekayo. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zelongani ezivamile ezidinga ukufakwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi futhi ziqhakaze kanye ngonyaka, i-Sijimi ingeyalokho iqembu le-tropical ecotype – imiqumbe yayo ihlukanisa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusinda emakhazeni, futhi isihlahla singakwazi izimbali nezithelo izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka kanye kuphela lapho amahlumela ayo efinyelela ukuvuthwa. Lesi sici sofuzo senza i-Sijimi ibe yisisekelo se- imboni yamalongan ngaphandle kwesizini.

Ngokuhlanganisa ukuthena kwentwasahlobo, ukulawula amahlumela, nokusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuhlela isikhathi sokuvuna ukuze Novemba kuya kuFebruwari (cishe ngeSikhathi SikaKhisimusi) – ukweqa ngokuphelele isizini yelongan kaJulayi–Agasti futhi kugcwaliswe igebe elibalulekile lemakethe yasebusika.

Ukunambitheka Nokuthungwa:
I-Sijimi Longan iletha isipiliyoni esivelele sokudla. Inyama ithambile, mhlophe, icwebezelayo, futhi “dry-pack” (干苞) – okusho ukuthi ayikhiphi ijusi lapho isithelo sivulwa, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuthutha nokusetshenziswa okusha. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo lifinyelela ku 21.97%–24% esivunweni esiyinhloko yesizini futhi 16%–20% esivunweni sangaphandle kwesizini, ngokuncipha okumangalisayo kwe-asidi (0.06%) kanye ne-Vitamin C ephezulu (62.6 mg/100g). Isithelo sihlukana kalula kusuka kuso imbewu encane, ensundu emnyama, futhi ukunambitheka kungu kumnandi, kuyapholisa, futhi kunephunga elimnandi kakhulu.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo indilinga ngamahlombe ayisicaba kanye nesiqongo esiyindilinga kahle. Isikhumba sikhona phuzi-onsundu ene-phethini yenethi emhlophe ngokumpunga kanye nekhasi eliwugqinsi (0.08 cm). Usayizi wesithelo uyahluka ngesivuno: isivuno sesizini enkulu silinganisa 9–12 amagremu ngesithelo ngasinye nge 65.5% izinga lokudliwa, kanti isivuno sasebusika-sentwasahlobo sinesilinganiso 6–8 amagremu ene- 58%–60% izinga lokudliwa.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zezohwebo:

• Ukukhiqizwa Kwangaphandle Kwesizini – Ukuvuna kuqondiswe ku Novemba–Februwari, kugcwaliswe igebe lemakethe yelongan elisha lasebusika

• Ukukhula Kwezimbali Okuqhubekayo – Izimbali nezithelo izikhathi eziningi ngonyaka ngaphandle kokugqugquzelwa yigqwa

• Oshukela Ophezulu – 21.97%–24% Brix ngesizini enkulu, 16%–20% ngaphandle kwesizini

• I-Dry-Pack, Engaconsi – Kufanelekile ukuthutha, i-e-commerce, nokupakisha izipho

• Kulula Ukudla – Imbewu encane ehlukana kalula nenyama

• Imelana Nezifo – Akukho downy blight, Phytophthora rot, noma witches’ broom okubonwe ezivivinyweni zasensimini

• Ukuthela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi & Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izithelo e- 2–3 iminyaka; izihlahla ezivuthiwe zikhiqiza 50–70 kg ngesihlahla

• Imbuyiselo Emangalisayo – Izithelo zangaphandle kwesizini zidinga ¥12–30 nge-jin, ikhiqiza izikhathi ezi-4–5 inzuzo yezomnotho yelongani evamile

Izindawo Zokukhulisa:
Idabuka e- isifunda somngcele waseChina–Vietnam eGuangxi, i-Sijimi Longan yethulwa e- Isifunda saseYunxiao, eSifundazweni saseFujian ngo-2001 futhi yalinywa ngempumelelo lapho kusukela. Kusukela lapho isikhuthazwe e- eFujian (Zhangzhou, Xiamen), eGuangxi (Tengxian, Daxin, Pingnan), eGuangdong (Meizhou, Maoming), naseHainan, kwakheka “idolobhana elilodwa, umkhiqizo owodwa” imboni ekhethekile ezindaweni ezimbalwa.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo Sezulu: I-ecotype yasezindaweni ezishisayo; idinga izinga lokushisa lonyaka elilinganiselwe elingaphezu kuka-21°C kanye nobusika obungenalo isithwathwa

• Isiphunzi: Dawuyuan noma Fuyan isiphunzi esinconywayo sokuhambelana kahle kokuxhunyelelwa kanye namandla esihlahla

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 4m × 5m noma cishe 60 izihlahla nge-mu

• Ubuchwepheshe Obusemqoka – Ukulawulwa Kwesikhathi Sokukhiqiza: Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo e- ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ilandelwa yi- ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali nge-ethephon (0.012%) + paclobutrazol (0.008%) lapho amagatsha omama ezithelo esevuthiwe ngokugcwele, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukuqhakaza kukaJulayi nokuvuthwa kwezithelo kukaNovemba

• Ukuthena: Njalo ukusika kanye nokunciphisa ngemuva kokuvuna; gcina 2–3 amahlumela amasha egatsheni ngalinye lesisekelo phakathi nokuphathwa kwezitshalo

• Izinambuzane Nezifo: Ucwaningo lwasensimini lukhombisa akukho downy blight, Phytophthora rot, noma witches' broom – ukuphathwa kulula uma kuqhathaniswa

Isizini Yokuvuna:
Isizini Enkulu: Agasti | Isizini Engekho (Elawulwayo): Novemba kuya kuFebruwari. Uhlobo lwelongan olusezingeni eliphezulu oluthi ibhala kabusha imithetho yokutholakala ngezikhathi zonyaka, enikeza ilongani elisha, elinoshukela ophezulu lapho kungekho olunye uhlobo olusemakethe. Ngayo izakhi zofuzo zokuqhakaza okuqhubekayo, ubuchwepheshe bokusetsa isikhathi esinembile, kanye nomnotho okhethekile wesizini engekho, i-Sijimi Longan imelela inqubekelaphambili yangempela kubalimi abafuna ukwehlukanisa umkhiqizo wabo futhi bathole amanani aphezulu emakethe yasebusika.