Igama Lomkhiqizo: I-Shatang Mandarin (i-Sugar Mandarin / i-Shatangju)

Incazelo:
Shatang Mandarin, eyaziwa nangokuthi Sugar Mandarin noma Shatangju, iwuhlobo lwamandarin olusezingeni eliphezulu olusuka eSihui naseGuangning eGuangdong Province, eChina. Lulinywa amakhulu eminyaka kulesi sifunda, futhi ngokomlando lwalwaziwa ngokuthi “i-October Orange” (十月桔) noma “i-Rock Sugar Orange” (冰糖桔) futhi ludunyiswa ngokuthi “itshe lomqhele eliyigugu” ye-citrus yaseCanton. Igama lesithelo livela ku- ubumnandi obungavamile – Igama elithi “Shatang” ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “ushukela oyimbudumbudu,” futhi ukuluma i-Shatang Mandarin evuthiwe kuletha khona lokho: ubumnandi obumsulwa, obunamandla, obufana noshukela ngaphandle kwe-acidity.

I-Mandarin Echaza Kabusha Ubumnandi:

Isici esivelele seShatang Mandarin ukuthi ukulinganisela okukhethekile kukashukela ne-acidity. Izinga lezinto ezincibilikayo lifinyelela 11%–14.4% Brix, noshukela ophelele cishe 10.55% kanye ne-asidi ephansi kufika ku 0.35% – isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu sikashukela ku-asidi esikhiqiza i ubumnandi obumsulwa, obuqabulayo ngaphandle kokumunyu. Inyama yayo kumnandi, kumanzi, futhi kuncibilika (化渣) , enokuthungwa okucolekile okuncibilika kalula emlonyeni, kungashiyi nsalela. Isithelo si asinawo umbhede noma cishe awunawo umbhede ezinhlobonhlobo ezithuthukisiwe, ezinembewu engaphansi kwe-2 isithelo ngasinye, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukudla njengokudla okulula.

Ukubona Nokuzwa Okujabulisayo:
Isithelo sikhulu isicaba-iyindilinga okune- isihloko esinamaqhuqhuva kanye nengxenye yesiqu ecindezelwe. Isikhumba sikhona mncane (0.15–0.20 cm), ophuzi ogqamile kuya kobomvu ogqamile, futhi kulula kakhulu ukuxebuka – ihlukana nenyama cishe ngaphandle komzamo. Ubuso bumbozwe ngamaseli amakhulu, amininingi amafutha okunikeza ukuthungwa okubizwa nge-“chicken skin”. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo si 45–86g, ngezinga elidliwayo elingu- 71%–74.4%.

Ukuhleleka Komsoco:
I-Shatang Mandarin icebile nge I-Vitamin C, i-calcium, i-fiber yokudla, i-glucose, i-fructose, kanye namaminerali amancane. Emithini yesintu yaseShayina, kubalulekile ngenxa ye- ukulawula i-qi, ukuxazulula amaflegi, ukuthambisa amaphaphu, nokugqugquzela ukugaya. Ikhasi, inyama, ingxenye emhlophe, kanye nembewu konke kusetshenziswa emithini yesintu. I-hesperidin ne-rutin yesithelo kusekela impilo yemithambo futhi kusiza ukuvimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye ne-arteriosclerosis.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuhweba:

• Ubumnandi Obukhethekile – 11–14.4% ye-Brix ene-acidity engu-0.35% kuphela, okuletha ubumnandi obumsulwa, obufana noshukela

• Ukulula Okungenambewu – Izinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ziqukethe imbewu engaphansi kwe-2 isithelo ngasinye

• Kulula Ukuxebuka – Isikhumba esincane, esiqinile sihlukana kalula nenyama

• Isikhathi Sokugcina Esandisiwe – Isithelo sigcinwa isikhathi eside futhi ngokomlando besithunyelwa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseHong Kong/Macau

• Ukuqashelwa Okunamandla Emakethe – Uhlobo lwendabuko oluthandwayo olunokwethembeka okujulile kwabathengi kanye nempahla yomkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi izithelo ezivela ezifundeni zaseSihui naseGuangning

• Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izihlahla ziqala ukuthela izithelo ngo- unyaka 3, ngokukhiqiza okugcwele ngonyaka wesihlanu, kukhiqiza 100–150 jin ngesihlahla (kufika ku-350–400 jin ezinsimini ezikhiqiza kakhulu)

Izindawo Zokutshala:
Idabuka e eSihui naseGuangning, esifundazweni saseGuangdong, iShatang Mandarin manje isilinywa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseNingizimu yeChina, kufaka phakathi eGuangxi, eYunnan, kanye nezinye izifunda ezishisayo. Isifunda saseSihui saziwa ngokukhiqiza izithelo zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezivela Idolobha laseHuangtian, okubhekwa kabanzi njengendawo yokuzalwa yangempela ye-Shatang Mandarin esezingeni eliphezulu.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo sezulu: Idinga izinga lokushisa lonyaka elilinganiselwe lika-18–23°C futhi amazinga okushisa asebusika angawi ngaphansi kuka- -5°C

• Isiphunzi: Trifoliate orange kunconywa ukumelana nengcindezi eqinile, ukuthela kusenesikhathi, kanye nezithelo eziqinile

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 3.0m × 2.5m ekutshalweni ezindaweni ezomile, noma izinhlelo zemigqa emincane enezikhala ezibanzi ukwelula isikhathi sokukhiqiza

• Ukuphathwa Okubalulekile: Gxila ku ukusetshenziswa kwe-gibberellin (GA₃) ukusetha izithelo, ukugunda ukugcinwa kwezithelo, nokulawulwa okuqinile kwe- I-Huanglongbing (isifo sokuluhlaza kwamawolintshi) , okukhona lokhu okuhlukahluka okuthambekele kakhulu kukho

• Ukuvundisa: Faka 2,000 kg yomanyolo wemvelo obolile + 50 kg ye-calcium-magnesium phosphate ngemuva ngamunye ngaphambi kokutshala; sebenzisa izicelo ezivamile, ezincane ezihlahleni ezincane kanye nomanyolo osuselwa emvelweni ezihlahleni ezivuthiwe

• Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Qapha i i-anthracnose, isifo se-canker, isicabucabu esibomvu, kanye ne-leafminer; sebenzisa izindlela zokulawula ezingokwemvelo nezingokwebhayoloji (izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi, izinsiza zokuheha nge-pheromone) ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:
Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya maphakathi noDisemba (kuhluka ngesifunda nangohlobo). Izinhlobo zendabuko zivuthwa ngo- ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, kanti izithelo ezivela ezindaweni zokukhiqiza ezisenyakatho njengeQingyuan Fogang zifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngo maphakathi noDisemba. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa sekwedlule isikhathi ezifana ne I-Hua Wan Seedless Shatangju nweba isizini kuze kufike kusukela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari. I-mandarin yasekwindla-ebusika esezingeni eliphezulu ethatha isikhathi esiphezulu sokusetshenziswa kwama-citrus, iletha ubumnandi obungenakuqhathaniswa nokulula ukudayisela emakethe entsha, ukuphana ngezikhathi zamaholide, kanye nokuthutha nge-e-commerce.