Igama Lomkhiqizo: I-Yura Wase Mandarin

Incazelo:
I-Yura Wase, eyaziwa nangokuthi I-Yura Early Mandarin noma Yura Wase Satsuma, iwuhlobo lwe-Satsuma mandarin oluvuthwa ngokushesha olusezingeni eliphezulu oludabuka eWakayama Prefecture, eJapan. Yatholakala ngo-1985 eDolobheni laseYura njengokuguquka kweqabunga le-'Miyagawa Wase' mandarin evuthwa ngokushesha, yabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni eJapan ngo-1995, futhi yethulwa eChina ngo-2006. Kusukela kwethulwa, isilinywe ngempumelelo eZhejiang, eHubei, eYunnan, nakwezinye izifunda ezikhiqiza amawolintshi, yazimisa njengenye ye- izinhlobo ze-mandarin ezinhle kakhulu ezivuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ezitholakala emakethe namuhla.

I-Mandarin Engumnikazi Wesizini Yokuqala:

Isici esichaza i-Yura Wase ukuthi ukushesha okukhethekile kuhlangene nekhwalithi ephezulu yokudla. Nakuba amamandarin amaningi evuthwa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, i-Yura Wase ivuthwa ngo maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, futhi ezindaweni ezifudumele njenge-Yunnan ne-Guangxi, ingavunwa kusenesikhathi sika- ekupheleni kuka-Agasti – i-Brix egcwele izinsuku eziyi-15–20 ngaphambi kwesikhathi kune-Satsuma mandarins evamile. Lesi sikhathi siyibeka kahle kakhulu ku- UMkhosi Waphakathi Nonyaka kanye Nosuku Lukazwelonke isikhathi samaholide, lapho ama-citrus asezingeni eliphezulu eyindlala futhi isidingo sabathengi siphezulu. Kulesi sikhathi sokuqala, i-Yura Wase ibhekana nokuncintisana okungenalutho okuvela kwezinye izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu – ithathwa kabanzi njenge “i-mandarin enhle kakhulu enambitheka kahle evuthwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi” .

Ukunambitheka Nobumnandi:
I-Yura Wase iletha i- isipiliyoni sokudla esivelele nokuqukethwe ushukela kufinyelela 15–20° Brix – iphakeme kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-'Miyagawa Wase' ne-'Oita No.1' ezivuthwa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Isithelo kuncane i-asidi, kumnandi futhi kunambitheka okugcwele, kanye ne- ukuthungwa okucolekile, okuthambile, okuncibilikayo (化渣) kanye nephunga elimnandi lezimbali. Inyama yaso ayinambewu, kanye nesikhumba esincane, esicwebezelayo esiphuzi ngokulambisa ikhubuka kalula, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukudliwa okusha.

Ukubukeka:
Isithelo sikhona isicaba-futhi siyindilinga futhi simise kahle, kanye ne- isikhumba esibushelelezi, esicwebezelayo esiphuzi ngokulunga kuya kusihlaza ngokubomvu. Isisindo esimaphakathi sesithelo sithi 100–120 amagremu, ngosayizi ofanayo kanye nezinga elihle lokuhweba. Inyama ithi i-orange ejulile, enombala ocwebile, futhi igcwele ijusi.

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zokuhweba:

• Isivuno Esishesha Kakhulu – Itholakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-August ezindaweni ezifudumele, maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba ezindaweni eziningi

• Ubumnandi Obuphezulu – 15–20° Brix, ibumnandi kakhulu kunezinhlobo zakuqala ezifanayo

• Ayinambewu futhi Kulula Ukuyichuba – Kulula ukusetshenziselwa ukudliwa okusha

• Isitoreji Esihle Kakhulu Nokugcinwa Esihlahleni – Isithelo singahlala esihlahleni kusukela kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba kuya kuNovemba nge- akukho ukuvuvukala (浮皮) futhi akukho ukulahlekelwa ushukela (退糖) ; ukugcinwa empeleni ithuthukisa ubumnandi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

• Inani Eliphezulu Lasemakethe – Izintengo zasemnyango wensimu zifinyelela ¥8–10 nge-jin eZhejiang, uma kuqhathaniswa ne- ¥1 nge-jin kuma-Satsuma mandarin ajwayelekile

• Isivuno Esiphezulu – Izivuno zika- 7,000 jin nge-mu ekukhiqizeni okugcwele

• Ikhanda Elibekezelela Amakhaza & Kulula Ukuyiphatha – Ibekezela amazinga okushisa aphansi kufika ku- -7°C futhi ibekezelela kakhulu ukuphathwa okuncane, ifanele abalimi abasaqalayo

Izindawo Zokulima:
Idabuka eDolobheni laseYura, eWakayama Prefecture, eJapan, iYura Wase manje isilinywa ngempumelelo e eZhejiang (iNinghai – indawo eyinhloko yokwethulwa), eHubei (iYichang), eYunnan, eGuangxi, kanye nezinye izifunda ezitshala amawolintshi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Isifunda saseNinghai siphumelele ikakhulukazi, njengoba ama-Yura Wase mandarins aso eqashelwa phakathi kwe- “Ama-Citrus Ayishumi Aphezulu aseZhejiang” ngo-2017.

Amanothi Okulima:

• Isimo sezulu: Kufanele izindawo ezine- izinga lokushisa lonyaka elingaphezu kuka-17°C futhi amazinga okushisa asebusika engawi ngaphansi kuka -3°C; kufaneleka kakhulu imithambeka yamagquma ngaphansi kuka-300m ukuphakama

• Isiqu: I-Trifoliate orange kunconywa ukuqina emakhazeni kanye nokuthela kusenesikhathi; i-tangerine ebomvu, i-Zhuluan, noma i-Goutoucheng zifaneleka emhlabathini one-saline-alkali

• Ukuminyana Kokutshala: 3m × 3.5m noma 2.0–2.5m × 5m (imigqa emincane nesikhala esibanzi ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini); 55–65 izihlahla ngemu (mu) kokutshala okujwayelekile

• Ukufaka umanyolo: Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe- umanyolo wemvelo oyisisekelo; izifutho zamaqabunga ezivamile; umanyolo wesikhathi ngemva kokuvuna ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla esihlahla; ukwengeza nge i-calcium, i-potassium, nezinto ezincane

• Ukunciphisa Izithelo: Le nhlobo ikhiqiza izithelo eziqoqene ndawonye futhi ingavuna ngokweqile kalula, okuholela ekwehleni kwesihlahla; ukunciphisa izimbali nezithelo ngokuqinile kubalulekile ukugcina amandla esihlahla nokuqinisekisa isivuno esingaguquguquki

• Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi: Ukuchelela okungaguquguquki ngesikhathi se- Isikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezithelo sikaJulayi–Agasti kubalulekile; ezinyangeni zikaSepthemba ezinezinga eliphezulu lemvula, phatha amanzi ngokucophelela futhi nciphisa i-nitrogen, wandisa i-calcium ne-potassium ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka nokuvuvukala; ukutshala izitshalo zokumboza kungasiza ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala

• Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane: Scab (疮痂病) iwukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwezifo futhi idinga ukwelashwa kokuvimbela; qaphela i- i-anthracnose, i-red spider mite, kanye ne-leafminer. Faka 70% thiophanate-methyl WP ngesilinganiso sokuhlanza esingu-800× ye-anthracnose futhi gcina ukungena komoya okuhle nokukhanya okuhle

Isikhathi Sokuvuna:
Ngo-Agasti wokugcina kuya kuNovemba – nesizini eyinhloko eqala ngo- maphakathi kuya ekupheleni kukaSepthemba nezithelo ezikwazi ukuhlala esihlahleni kuze kufike ku- Novemba ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi. I-mandarin yokuqala ephambili enikeza ubumnandi obungenakuqhathaniswa, ukuthungwa okukhethekile, kanye nesikhathi sokumaketha sokuqala kwesizini – ilungele ukudayiswa okusha, ukupakishwa kwezipho, ukuthunyelwa nge-e-commerce, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwesizini yamaholide.