Morphological characteristics

The tree has a slightly upright posture, with a round-topped crown. The branches are thick and have dense nodes. The leaves are large and densely arranged. The leaves are oblique lanceolate, with wavy edges that are wrinkled like teeth in the young leaves, and the entire leaf margins are smooth in adulthood. The fruits are exceptionally large, with a high round shape. The longitudinal diameter is 3.66 centimeters, the transverse diameter is 3.37 centimeters, and the fruit weighs approximately 25 grams, with the largest ones reaching 52 grams. When fully ripe, they are deep red or purple-red, with distinct suture lines, a prominent fruit stalk, and a yellowish-green color; the fruit column is relatively thick and the tip is bluntly pointed.

Habitat and origin environment

The bud of Dongque Yangmei usually starts to sprout in late February, and the female flowers begin to bloom in the first half of March. The flowering period lasts for about 25 days, with the final flowering period in late March. The male flowers bloom slightly earlier, opening 5-7 days earlier than the female flowers. In early April, the young fruits begin to develop. From mid-April to early May, it is the period of physiological fruit drop. In mid to late May, it is the hardening period. From early to mid June, it is the period of fruit enlargement. From mid to late June, it is the period of fruit coloration and ripening. In early to mid July, the primordia of the male flower clusters start to undergo morphological differentiation. In late July, the primordia of the female flower clusters start to differentiate. In early August, they develop into normal flower clusters. From mid to late August to early September, the primordia start to undergo morphological differentiation. From September to November, the female and male buds respectively appear and continue to develop. At the end of November, the flower bud differentiation is basically completed, and then the flower buds start to develop. From December to the following January, it is the dormancy period of Dongque Yangmei.

Growth characteristics and habits

The Dongque plum tree has a strong growth vigor and a strong branching ability. One-year-old grafted seedlings start to bear fruit after being planted for 5-6 years, and reach their peak fruiting stage after 8-10 years. The growth vigor of Dongque plum is relatively strong. It generally produces 3-4 shoots throughout the year. Spring shoots are produced from late March to mid-April, summer shoots from late June to late July, autumn shoots from mid-August to late September, and late autumn shoots in October. The fruiting branches are mainly composed of well-developed spring and summer shoots. Spring shoots bear the best fruits, followed by summer shoots, and autumn shoots bear few fruits. The fruit setting rate of Dongque plum is generally 2.0-5.0%. After flowering, the ovary expands to form young fruits, and it takes about 70 days for the fruits to mature. The fruit growth period can be divided into the juvenile fruit growth and development period (juvenile fruit stage), during which the fruits grow rapidly for about 20-25 days; the fruit growth middle stage (hard seed stage), during which the fruit growth is slow for about 15-20 days; and the fruit growth late stage (coloring and ripening stage), during which the fruit grows faster and changes color, lasting for about 25-30 days.

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